Nexrutine Phellodendron Extract
Also known as: Phellodendron amurense extract, Amur Cork Tree Bark Extract, Nexrutine
Overview
Nexrutine is an herbal extract derived from the bark of *Phellodendron amurense*, a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The extract is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and potential anti-cancer properties, with a particular focus on conditions such as colon cancer, osteoarthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Key characteristics of Nexrutine include its ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce levels of inflammatory markers like COX-2 and iNOS. While preliminary studies, both in vitro and in vivo, exhibit promising results, the research on Nexrutine is still at an early to moderate stage, characterized by a lack of extensive clinical trials and systematic reviews.
Benefits
Nexrutine has demonstrated several evidence-based benefits. One significant effect is its potential in colon cancer prevention, evidenced by studies showing reduced aberrant crypt foci in rat models. Additionally, an 8-week double-blind study indicated that Nexrutine, when combined with Citrus sinensis peel extract, improved joint health in osteoarthritis patients, effectively reducing inflammation biomarkers. In ulcerative colitis models, Nexrutine alleviated mucosal inflammation and enhanced barrier integrity. Its benefits may particularly extend to cancer patients, potentially reducing chemotherapy side effects and improving bone mineral density. However, while significant results have been reported, the overall evidence quality varies, and effect sizes are often not consistently detailed across studies.
How it works
Nexrutine operates primarily through its anti-inflammatory pathways by inhibiting COX-2 and iNOS while suppressing NF-κB and MAPK activation. It induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, targeting the G0/G1 phase. In models of ulcerative colitis, it enhances the integrity of the mucosal barrier by promoting tight junction proteins and mucin expression. Furthermore, it is known to modulate the immune response by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Side effects
Nexrutine is generally considered safe, with minimal cytotoxic effects observed on normal cells. Available studies do not report common (>5%), uncommon (1-5%), or rare (<1%) side effects, indicating a lack of significant adverse reactions. However, caution is advised as there could be possible interactions with other anti-inflammatory medications or chemotherapies. No specific contraindications have been identified, yet patients undergoing chemotherapy may benefit from Nexrutine's effects in reducing both side effects and improving bone mineral density. Further long-term studies are necessary to fully characterize its safety profile and any potential risks.
Dosage
The effective dosage range of Nexrutine is not well-established but animal studies have shown that doses between 300-600 mg/kg can yield beneficial effects. In clinical settings, dosages of 740 mg twice daily (using two capsules of 370 mg each) were utilized in studies involving osteoarthritis patients. There are currently no specific recommendations regarding timing for supplementation, and it is commonly provided in capsule form. Further research is needed to determine optimal dosing and maximum safe limits, as these are not specified in current studies.
FAQs
Is Nexrutine safe?
Generally considered safe based on current studies, but more long-term research is necessary to fully evaluate its safety.
How should I take Nexrutine?
Follow the dosing schedule indicated in studies, typically in capsule form with no specific timing recommendations.
What are the expected benefits of Nexrutine?
Nexrutine may provide anti-inflammatory effects, potentially reduce cancer risk, and improve joint health.
Can Nexrutine cure cancer?
Nexrutine is not a cure for cancer but may help delay progression and mitigate side effects of treatments.
Research Sources
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mc.22368 – This study explored the chemopreventive effects of Nexrutine in colon cancer models, demonstrating its ability to reduce aberrant crypt foci and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. It provides solid mechanistic insights but highlights the need for clinical trials.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682376/ – A double-blind clinical trial indicated that Nexrutine combined with Citrus extracts improved joint health in osteoarthritis patients, effectively lowering markers of inflammation. Its design is sound, although the sample size was small.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/iid3.1147 – This research showed that Nexrutine alleviates mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis models, enhancing barrier integrity and suppressing inflammatory transcription factors. More research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
- https://www.uthscsa.edu/stories/nexrutine-cancer-side-effects – This article discusses Nexrutine's potential to alleviate side effects of cancer therapies and enhance overall treatment outcomes in cancer patients, emphasizing its role as a supportive therapy.
- https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/node/4406 – The findings suggest that Nexrutine could reduce chemotherapy-related side effects and improve bone health, indicating valuable roles in integrative cancer care.