Notopterygium Incisium Extract
Also known as: Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang, Qianghuo, Notopterygium incisum
Overview
Notopterygium incisum, commonly known as Qianghuo, is a perennial herb whose dried roots and rhizomes are a staple in traditional Chinese medicine. It is primarily used for alleviating symptoms associated with colds, headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, and various inflammatory conditions. The extract is rich in bioactive compounds, including coumarins, polyynes (such as falcarindiol), and phenylpropanoids, which are believed to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. While research into its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties is ongoing and shows promise, high-quality clinical trials in humans are still limited. The current evidence base is emerging, relying mostly on in vitro, animal, and some preliminary human-related studies, with a notable scarcity of systematic reviews specifically on this herb.
Benefits
Notopterygium incisum exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Its extracts and isolated compounds, like notopterol and pterostilbene, have been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2) by modulating key pathways such as NF-κB and PTGS2, which is relevant for conditions like obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Research also indicates neuroprotective effects, with root extract inhibiting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease models by downregulating TLR4-NF-κB signaling, thereby reducing microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, some polyyne derivatives from the plant demonstrate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, suggesting potential for infectious disease or cancer applications. Animal studies also hint at its potential to alleviate epileptiform symptoms, indicating a broader central nervous system modulatory capacity. However, the strength of evidence for these benefits is largely based on preclinical studies, and large-scale human randomized controlled trials are needed to establish clinical significance and effect sizes.
How it works
Notopterygium incisum exerts its effects through various mechanisms, primarily by modulating inflammatory pathways. Key active metabolites, such as pterostilbene and notopterol, are known to inhibit inflammation by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of PTGS2 (COX-2), which in turn suppresses NF-κB activation and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Certain polyyne compounds found in the extract act as PPARγ agonists, influencing macrophage activation and nitric oxide production, further contributing to its anti-inflammatory actions. In neuroinflammatory contexts, the extract modulates the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in microglia, leading to a reduction in neuroinflammation. While specific bioavailability data are limited, the active compounds target crucial inflammatory enzymes, nuclear receptors, and signaling proteins involved in cellular processes like apoptosis and hypoxia responses.
Side effects
The safety profile of Notopterygium incisum appears acceptable in preclinical models, but comprehensive human safety data are currently lacking. No common or serious side effects have been widely reported in the reviewed studies. However, as with many traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, there is a potential risk of hepatotoxicity or allergic reactions, necessitating caution. Specific drug interactions and contraindications are not well-documented, so caution is advised, especially when combining it with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory medications. Furthermore, safety data for special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, children, or those with pre-existing liver conditions, are insufficient. Users should consult a healthcare professional before incorporating this supplement, particularly if they have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.
Dosage
Currently, there is no standardized or clinically established dosage for Notopterygium incisum extract due to the lack of comprehensive human clinical trials. Traditional use typically involves decoctions of the dried roots and rhizomes. Experimental studies have utilized various extract concentrations, with doses extrapolated from animal models, which may not directly translate to human efficacy or safety. Optimal dosage, timing of administration, and the most effective formulation (e.g., whole extract versus isolated compounds) require further rigorous clinical research. Information regarding its absorption and metabolism in humans is also insufficient, making it difficult to recommend specific cofactors or administration strategies to enhance its effects or ensure safety. Therefore, any use should be approached with caution and under professional guidance.
FAQs
Is Notopterygium incisum extract safe for human consumption?
Preclinical data suggest a generally acceptable safety profile, but comprehensive human safety data are insufficient. Caution is advised, especially without professional guidance.
What conditions might Notopterygium incisum help with?
Based on preclinical evidence, it primarily shows potential for inflammatory and neuroinflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases.
How quickly can one expect to see effects from Notopterygium incisum?
Animal studies indicate effects after weeks of administration, but the timeline for human response is currently unknown due to limited clinical data.
Is it effective for arthritis or colds, as per traditional use?
Traditional use supports its efficacy for these conditions, but rigorous clinical evidence from modern trials is still lacking to confirm these benefits.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10500596/ – This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of pterostilbene and notopterol from Notopterygium incisum in an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) model. It found that these compounds reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions.
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/np500605v – This research focused on the phytochemical isolation from Notopterygium incisum, identifying novel polyyne compounds. In vitro assays demonstrated that these polyynes act as PPARγ agonists and inhibit nitric oxide production, contributing to the herb's anti-inflammatory properties.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39094757/ – This study explored the neuroprotective effects of Notopterygium incisum root extract (NRE) in Alzheimer's disease models. It showed that NRE inhibits neuroinflammation by downregulating the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in both in vitro and in vivo settings.
- https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4wAgbg89/ – This animal study investigated the effects of Notopterygium incisum root extract (NRE) on PTZ-induced seizures in mice. The findings suggest that NRE can alleviate epileptiform symptoms and modulate brain metabolites, indicating its potential for central nervous system modulation.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2016/3560812 – This source provides general information on the safety considerations for traditional Chinese medicine herbs. It highlights that while many herbs are considered safe, there can be risks of hepatotoxicity or allergic reactions, emphasizing the need for caution and further research into specific herb safety profiles.
