Ophiopogon Extract
Also known as: Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl., Chinese Lilyturf, Monkey Grass, Mondo Grass, Ophiopogon japonicus
Overview
Ophiopogon japonicus, commonly known as Chinese Lilyturf or Mondo Grass, is a plant native to East Asia and widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The roots of the plant are harvested for their medicinal properties. It contains bioactive compounds like ruscogenin-1-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→2)][β-d-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (DT-13), ophiopogonin B, and ophiopogonin D, which are believed to contribute to its pharmacological effects. Traditionally, it has been used to treat anxiety, palpitations, insomnia, and as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Current research is exploring its potential anticancer and neurological benefits. While preliminary evidence is promising, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. The quality of available evidence varies, with systematic reviews highlighting the need for larger, well-designed studies to validate initial findings. It is available in various forms, including extracts and dried roots.
Benefits
Ophiopogon japonicus has shown potential benefits, particularly in anticancer and neurological applications. Studies suggest that extracts and active compounds can induce cell cycle arrest, activate apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibit metastasis and angiogenesis in various cancer cells. Preliminary clinical studies indicate that it may alleviate anxiety symptoms in patients with mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder. Additionally, there is some evidence suggesting it may help regulate heart rhythm and reduce palpitations. However, the strength of evidence varies, with anticancer effects supported by in vitro and in vivo studies, while anxiolytic and anti-arrhythmic effects require further validation through larger, more rigorous clinical trials. Its potential as an adjunct in cancer therapy is promising due to its ability to suppress tumor growth without causing serious toxicity in vivo.
How it works
The active compounds in Ophiopogon japonicus exert their effects through multiple biological pathways. These include the induction of cell cycle arrest, activation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis. These compounds interact with cellular mechanisms to regulate cell growth and death. Neuropharmacological mechanisms may involve regulating neurotransmitters and protecting nerve cells, contributing to potential anxiolytic and sleep-promoting effects. Specific molecular targets include pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action and identify all relevant molecular targets.
Side effects
The available evidence suggests that Ophiopogon japonicus extracts and its active compounds are generally safe, but comprehensive safety data from large-scale clinical trials are needed. There is limited data on common, uncommon, and rare side effects. Potential interactions with medications, particularly those used in cancer therapy and cardiovascular conditions, need to be carefully monitored. No specific contraindications are well-documented, but caution is advised in patients with underlying medical conditions or those taking other medications. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, and individuals with severe medical conditions, should consult healthcare professionals before using Ophiopogon japonicus supplements. Due to limited data, it is crucial to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if they occur.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of Ophiopogon japonicus is not well-established in the literature. Clinical studies have used various dosages, but there is no consensus on an optimal range. The maximum safe dose is also not well-defined, and more research is needed to establish safe upper limits. There are no specific timing recommendations available. Extracts and dried root forms are commonly used, but the optimal form is not established. The bioavailability of the active compounds is not well-studied. No specific cofactors are identified in the literature. Due to the lack of clear dosage guidelines, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using Ophiopogon japonicus supplements.
FAQs
Is Ophiopogon japonicus safe?
While generally considered safe, Ophiopogon japonicus can interact with medications and may have side effects; therefore, consulting a healthcare professional is advised before use.
When and how should I take it?
There is no specific guidance on timing and administration. Follow the recommendations of a healthcare provider or instructions on the product label.
What results can I expect?
The expected results vary depending on the condition being treated, but more robust clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy. Individual responses may vary.
Is it a cure-all?
It is often assumed to be a cure-all for various ailments, but the evidence is still preliminary and more research is necessary to validate its effects. Do not rely on it as a sole treatment.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36854203/ – This systematic review highlights that Ophiopogon japonicus extracts and its active compounds exhibit potential anticancer effects by inducing cell cycle arrest, activating apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis. The review emphasizes the need for more clinical trials to confirm these findings and validate its use as an adjunct in cancer therapy. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, ensuring a high-quality assessment of available evidence.
- https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0638/html – This experimental study determined optimal fresh processing techniques to preserve the quality of Ophiopogon japonicus roots, including cutting thickness and drying conditions. The study provides valuable insights into the processing technology required to maintain the integrity of the plant's active compounds. While it does not focus on clinical efficacy, it is crucial for ensuring the quality of Ophiopogon japonicus products.
- https://vellmanherbs.com/cientific-papers-linking-ophiopogon-japonicus-to-anxiety-palpitation-and-insomnia/ – This resource compiles scientific papers linking Ophiopogon japonicus to potential benefits in treating anxiety, palpitation, and insomnia. The papers suggest that Ophiopogon japonicus extract may alleviate anxiety symptoms and help regulate heart rhythm, but the evidence is preliminary and requires further validation. The resource highlights the need for larger, more rigorous studies to confirm these findings and establish its efficacy in neurological disorders.