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Ophiopogon Root Tuber Extract

Also known as: Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl., Ophiopogon root tuber, Mai Dong, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Radix Ophiopogonis, Ophiopogon japonicus

Overview

Ophiopogon root tuber extract is derived from the dried tuberous roots of *Ophiopogon japonicus*, a perennial plant native to East Asia. It is a staple in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and is recognized for its potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The extract contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including steroidal saponins (such as ophiopogonin D), polysaccharides (like MDG-1), isoflavones, and oligosaccharides, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects. It is being investigated for potential benefits in cardiovascular health, metabolic disorders, and even as an anti-cancer agent. While preclinical studies show promise, clinical evidence is still limited, requiring further high-quality research to validate its efficacy and safety in humans. The extract is available in various forms, including traditional decoctions and standardized extracts, with the latter being preferred for research purposes to ensure consistent bioactive compound concentrations.

Benefits

Ophiopogon root tuber extract exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily supported by preclinical studies. It demonstrates cardioprotective effects, with the polysaccharide MDG-1 showing promise in protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury in animal models. This effect is mediated through the activation of protective signaling pathways like Akt and ERK. Additionally, the extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, attributed to its steroidal saponins and isoflavones, which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in cellular and animal models. Immunomodulatory effects have also been observed in preclinical studies, where polysaccharides enhance immune function. While some in vitro and animal studies suggest anticancer activity, clinical evidence is currently lacking. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm these benefits in humans and determine optimal dosages.

How it works

Ophiopogon root tuber extract exerts its effects through multiple biological pathways. Its cardioprotective action involves the activation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1, leading to the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, which protect cardiomyocytes from ischemic damage. The antioxidant effects are mediated by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation and reducing oxidative stress markers. Its anti-inflammatory properties involve the modulation of cytokine production and immune cell activity. Key molecular targets include SPHK1, S1P receptor 1, Akt, ERK, and the FoxO3a-β-catenin pathway. While the absorption and bioavailability of its components, particularly polysaccharides and saponins, are not fully understood, animal studies suggest systemic effects after oral administration.

Side effects

Ophiopogon root tuber extract is generally considered safe based on traditional use and preclinical studies. However, clinical safety data are limited. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects are not well-documented in the available literature. There are no significant drug interactions reported, although a theoretical risk exists with anticoagulants due to potential antiplatelet effects. Contraindications are not established, but caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to a lack of safety data in these populations. The extract has not been specifically studied in children. Due to the limited clinical data, it is important to monitor for any adverse reactions when using Ophiopogon root tuber extract and to consult with a healthcare professional, especially for individuals with pre-existing conditions or those taking other medications.

Dosage

Due to limited clinical data, specific dosage guidelines for Ophiopogon root tuber extract are not well-established. Animal studies have used polysaccharide extracts at doses of 100–300 mg/kg, but these cannot be directly translated to human dosages. Traditional decoctions vary widely in their preparation and concentration. Standardized extracts, particularly those standardized to saponins or polysaccharides, are preferred for research purposes to ensure consistent bioactive compound concentrations. The minimum effective dose and maximum safe dose in humans have not been determined. It is generally recommended to take the extract with meals to potentially reduce gastrointestinal discomfort, although this is theoretical. More research is needed to determine optimal dosage ranges, timing considerations, and absorption factors for Ophiopogon root tuber extract.

FAQs

What are the primary uses of Ophiopogon root tuber extract?

It is traditionally used for cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. It's also being researched for potential benefits in metabolic health and as an anti-cancer agent.

Is Ophiopogon root tuber extract safe?

It's generally considered safe based on traditional use and preclinical studies. However, clinical safety data are limited, and caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation.

How should I take Ophiopogon root tuber extract?

Due to limited data, specific dosage guidelines are not well-established. Taking it with meals may reduce potential gastrointestinal discomfort. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

What are the expected benefits of taking this extract?

Potential benefits include cardioprotective and antioxidant effects, but clinical outcomes are not guaranteed. Evidence is preliminary, and it should not replace proven cardiovascular medications.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36854203/ – This systematic review examined the anticancer effects of *Ophiopogon japonicus* extracts and compounds in preclinical models. The review found that saponins and polysaccharides demonstrate anticancer effects via multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis induction and immune modulation, suggesting potential therapeutic applications, though clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings in humans.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1484865/full – This original research study investigated the cardioprotective effects of MDG-1, a polysaccharide from *Ophiopogon japonicus*, in rats. The study found that MDG-1 protected cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury through dose-dependent activation of Akt and ERK protective pathways, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease, but further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10358751/ – This original research focused on the quality control and bioactivities of *Ophiopogonis Radix*, highlighting the presence of steroidal saponins, isoflavones, and polysaccharides. The study identified anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects associated with these compounds, supporting the traditional uses of the herb, though clinical validation is required.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.769929/full – This study investigates the protective effects of Ophiopogon japonicus on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The findings suggest that Ophiopogon japonicus can significantly reduce myocardial infarct size and improve cardiac function after ischemia/reperfusion, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2735 – This research explores the protective mechanisms of Ophiopogon japonicus extract against oxidative stress-induced damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The study demonstrates that the extract can enhance antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce oxidative stress, suggesting its potential in preventing endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular diseases.