Oregano Leaf Supercritical Extract
Also known as: Oregano leaf extract, Oregano oil, Wild marjoram, Origanum vulgare Extract
Overview
Oregano leaf extract is a concentrated form of bioactive compounds derived from the leaves of the oregano plant (*Origanum vulgare* or related species). Native to the Mediterranean, oregano is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. The extract is valued for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Key components include phenolic compounds like carvacrol and thymol, which contribute to its health benefits. It is available in various forms, including capsules, softgels, and oils. Research on oregano leaf extract is extensive, particularly regarding its antimicrobial effects, though human clinical trials are less common. The quality of evidence varies, with strong support for antimicrobial activity but more limited data on human health outcomes. It is generally considered safe when used in recommended doses.
Benefits
Oregano leaf extract exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, supported by numerous studies. Carvacrol, a major component, has been shown to inhibit the growth of *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus* at low concentrations. It also possesses potent antioxidant properties, effectively scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, with some studies showing higher antioxidant activity than vitamin C in certain assays. Additionally, some research suggests anti-inflammatory effects, with in vitro studies indicating a reduction in inflammation in human monocytes. Limited human trials suggest potential benefits for gastrointestinal health, particularly in reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions. The clinical significance of these benefits is moderate, especially for antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, but further robust human trials are needed to confirm these findings.
How it works
Oregano leaf extract primarily functions through its phenolic compounds, such as carvacrol and thymol, which disrupt microbial cell membranes, interfering with cellular processes and leading to antimicrobial effects. Its antioxidant activity is mediated by scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress. It interacts with the immune system by modulating inflammation and enhancing antimicrobial defenses. At the molecular level, carvacrol and thymol target microbial cell membranes, causing leakage and cell death. The bioavailability of its active compounds varies depending on the form of administration, but carvacrol and thymol are generally well-absorbed when ingested.
Side effects
Oregano leaf extract is generally considered safe when used in recommended doses. Common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include gastrointestinal upset such as nausea or stomach pain, especially at high doses. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) may include allergic reactions and skin irritation. Rare side effects (less than 1%) involve severe allergic reactions. It has potential interactions with blood thinners and diabetes medications due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data. Individuals with allergies to plants in the Lamiaceae family should exercise caution. It's important to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if they occur.
Dosage
For antimicrobial effects, doses as low as 100 mg per day of carvacrol-rich oregano oil have been shown to be effective. The typical recommended dosage range is 200-400 mg per day of oregano leaf extract, standardized to contain 10-20% carvacrol. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses above 1 gram per day are generally not recommended. It can be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Capsules or softgels may be preferred over oils for better bioavailability and ease of use. Bioavailability can be enhanced when taken with fatty meals. No specific cofactors are required for its effectiveness.
FAQs
Is oregano leaf extract safe?
It is generally safe, but monitor for allergic reactions and gastrointestinal side effects. Discontinue use if adverse reactions occur.
When is the best time to take it?
It is best taken with meals to minimize potential gastrointestinal side effects.
What results can I expect?
Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects can typically be observed within a few days to weeks of consistent use.
Is it a cure-all for infections?
No, it is not a cure-all. It should be used in conjunction with appropriate medical treatment when necessary.
Research Sources
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jf101534g – This in vitro study published in the *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry* investigated the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol, a major component of oregano oil, against foodborne pathogens. The key finding was that carvacrol inhibited the growth of *E. coli* and *S. aureus* at low concentrations, highlighting its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. However, the study's limitations include its in vitro nature, meaning the results may not directly translate to human health outcomes.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.070 – This in vitro study published in *Food Chemistry* assessed the antioxidant activity of oregano extract using various antioxidant assays. The study found that oregano extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than vitamin C in certain assays, suggesting its potential to combat oxidative stress. The limitations of this study include its in vitro design, which restricts its direct applicability to human health.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.6168 – This in vitro study published in *Phytotherapy Research* examined the anti-inflammatory effects of oregano extract on human monocytes. The study found that oregano extract reduced inflammation in these cells, indicating a potential anti-inflammatory effect. However, the study's limitations include its in vitro nature, necessitating further human clinical trials to confirm these findings.