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Organic Licorice Extract

Also known as: Licorice, Liquorice, Sweet root, Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Overview

Licorice root, derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries due to its diverse health benefits. The root is rich in active compounds, primarily glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid, known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Licorice is often used in herbal formulations to address various conditions such as digestive problems, respiratory issues, and skin disorders. Although the research surrounding licorice extract is moderately mature, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses affirming its effectiveness, additional high-quality human studies are necessary to substantiate some of its claimed health benefits. Licorice root is available in various forms including teas, powders, capsules, and tinctures, allowing for diverse applications depending on specific health requirements.

Benefits

Licorice root extract has several evidence-based health benefits. A meta-analysis involving 985 participants indicated that licorice consumption significantly reduces body weight and BMI, quantified by a weighted mean difference (WMD) of -0.433 kg for weight and -0.150 kg/m2 for BMI, both statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, glycyrrhizic acid has shown potential in ameliorating liver fibrosis by downregulating TGF-β1 signaling. Secondary benefits include symptom relief in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer treatment, with studies suggesting improved outcomes compared to conventional therapies. Although licorice may beneficially affect weight management, patients with hypertension should avoid its use due to possible elevations in diastolic blood pressure. Overall, licorice’s clinical significance is characterized by both substantial benefits and important safety considerations.

How it works

The primary mechanism of action for glycyrrhizin, the chief active component of licorice, includes its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It effectively suppresses TGF-β1 signaling pathways, which play crucial roles in fibrosis and inflammation, particularly in the liver. Glycyrrhizin also interacts with the gut microbiome, contributing to improved digestive health. By inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, its compounds showcase potential anticancer effects. Overall, licorice root compounds exert multiple biological effects beneficial for various body systems, particularly the digestive and liver systems.

Side effects

Licorice root can be safe when consumed in moderation; however, it is associated with significant side effects primarily related to blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Common side effects (>5%) include increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypernatremia. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) might involve fatigue, heart palpitations, dry mouth, and a sallow complexion, particularly with chronic usage. Rarely (<1%), licorice can cause severe hypertension and hypokalemia, necessitating hospitalization in extreme cases. Additionally, licorice interacts with several medications, notably diuretics and blood thinners, increasing the risk of complications. Contraindications include pre-existing hypertension, with particular caution advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those with liver or kidney diseases. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and electrolyte levels is crucial during licorice supplementation.

Dosage

Recommended dosages for licorice root extract vary considerably, with typical guidelines suggesting between 400 mg to 1,200 mg per day depending on the formulation and health goals. While specific minimum effective doses were not outlined in the reviewed studies, the importance of adhering to these ranges cannot be overstated to prevent adverse effects. Chronic use of high doses (>1,200 mg/day) may lead to glycyrrhizin accumulation, exacerbating the risk of hypertension and electrolyte imbalances. Timing considerations suggest that licorice should generally be taken with meals to mitigate gastrointestinal discomfort. The supplement is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and teas, with absorption influenced by dietary factors.

FAQs

Is licorice root safe to use?

Licorice root can be safe in moderation but should be used cautiously, particularly in individuals with hypertension, as it can elevate blood pressure.

How should I take licorice root supplements?

Licorice supplements are best taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

What benefits can I expect from using licorice root?

Possible benefits include weight reduction, improved digestive health, and anti-inflammatory effects, but these come with potential risks, particularly regarding blood pressure.

Can I use licorice root long-term?

Long-term use of licorice root is not advisable without medical supervision due to risks of significant side effects.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29433679/ – This meta-analysis included 985 patients and demonstrated licorice's significant impact on body weight and BMI, along with an increase in diastolic blood pressure.
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0035-1558227.pdf – This systematic review found that glycyrrhizic acid effectively reduces TGF-β1 and Smad protein expression, suggesting its application in managing liver fibrosis.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/licorice-root – Discusses various health benefits and uses of licorice root, including its potential anti-inflammatory and digestive health properties.
https://www.scielo.br/j/cta/a/8BkTCwd3yPd43tqdpQ3f9NQ/ – This systematic review summarizes the anticancer properties of licorice, particularly its active compounds' effects on cell function and cancer cell proliferation.