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Organic Pine

Also known as: Pine bark extract, Pycnogenol, PBE, Organic Pine, Pinus pinaster bark extract

Overview

Pinus pinaster bark extract, commonly known by its standardized form Pycnogenol, is derived from the bark of the French maritime pine tree. This botanical extract is rich in procyanidins, bioflavonoids, and phenolic acids, collectively known as oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs). It is primarily utilized in supplements for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties. Research indicates its efficacy in supporting cardiovascular health, aiding in blood pressure regulation, and managing aspects of metabolic syndrome. The extract's key characteristics stem from its high OPC content, which contributes to its beneficial effects on vascular function and oxidative stress reduction. The body of research supporting its uses is moderate to high, with numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses providing evidence for its therapeutic applications.

Benefits

Pinus pinaster bark extract offers several evidence-based benefits, particularly for cardiovascular and metabolic health. A significant primary effect is its ability to reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by approximately 3 mmHg in individuals with hypertension and metabolic syndrome, typically at a dose of 100 mg/day over 8-12 weeks. This modest but clinically relevant reduction contributes to cardiovascular risk management. Furthermore, it has shown benefits in metabolic control, including reductions in body weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and improvements in HbA1c levels, which are crucial for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Secondary effects include an improved lipid profile, with some studies showing reductions in LDL cholesterol and increases in HDL, especially with short-term supplementation. Its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties also contribute to overall vascular health. These benefits are particularly evidenced in hypertensive patients, those with type 2 diabetes, and individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. While the effect sizes for blood pressure and glycemic markers are statistically significant, their clinical impact can vary by dose and duration of supplementation. Benefits are typically observed within 8 to 12 weeks of consistent use.

How it works

Pinus pinaster bark extract exerts its effects through several key biological pathways. A primary mechanism involves the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which contributes to vasodilation and helps lower blood pressure. It also enhances the production of nitric oxide (NO), a crucial molecule that improves endothelial function and further promotes vasodilation, leading to better blood flow. Additionally, its rich antioxidant content helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation within vascular tissues, protecting against cellular damage. These actions collectively interact with the cardiovascular system to regulate blood pressure and improve overall vascular health. The extract also influences the metabolic system by impacting glucose and lipid metabolism. Its active compounds are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, with metabolites detectable in plasma, though bioavailability can vary.

Side effects

Pinus pinaster bark extract is generally considered safe and well-tolerated when used at studied dosages, typically up to 200 mg/day. The most commonly reported side effect, occurring in more than 5% of users, is mild gastrointestinal discomfort, which may include stomach upset or nausea. Less common side effects, affecting 1-5% of individuals, include headache and dizziness. Allergic reactions are rare, occurring in less than 1% of users. Due to its blood pressure-lowering effects, there is a potential for interaction with antihypertensive medications, which could lead to an additive hypotensive effect; therefore, caution is advised, and individuals on such medications should consult their healthcare provider. There is limited data regarding its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, so it is generally contraindicated in these populations due to a lack of sufficient safety studies. While beneficial for hypertensive and diabetic patients, its use in these groups should always be under medical supervision to monitor blood pressure and blood sugar levels and adjust medication as needed.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose for Pinus pinaster bark extract is approximately 100 mg per day. Optimal dosage ranges from 100 mg to 200 mg per day, with some research suggesting benefits may be more pronounced at doses of 200 mg or higher for specific conditions. The maximum safe dose studied without significant adverse effects is up to 200 mg per day. For best results, daily supplementation is recommended for at least 8 weeks to observe the full range of benefits, with some effects noted within shorter durations. It is advisable to use a standardized pine bark extract, such as Pycnogenol, to ensure consistent potency and efficacy. Taking the supplement with meals may enhance its absorption. No specific cofactors are required for its efficacy, although some antioxidants like vitamin C may offer synergistic benefits.

FAQs

Is Organic Pine (Pycnogenol) safe for long-term use?

Current evidence supports its safety for up to 12 weeks. While longer-term safety data are limited, no major concerns have been reported, but ongoing research is needed.

How soon can benefits be expected?

Improvements in blood pressure and metabolic markers typically become noticeable after 8 to 12 weeks of consistent daily supplementation.

Can it replace blood pressure medications?

No, it should not replace prescribed antihypertensive medications. It may complement them, but any changes to medication should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Does it help with weight loss?

Modest reductions in body weight have been observed in some studies, particularly in individuals with metabolic syndrome, but it is not considered a primary weight loss agent.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6077626/ – This meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found that Pycnogenol significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by approximately 3 mmHg in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The study suggested mechanisms involving ACE inhibition and nitric oxide production. The quality of evidence was moderate to high, with statistically significant results, though some heterogeneity was noted.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11847364/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 RCTs investigated Pycnogenol's effects across various populations, including those with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It reported significant reductions in body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1c. While comprehensive, the quality of included studies varied, and some outcomes showed low certainty.