Get Your Personalized Supplement StackSupplement Stack Quiz

Organic Sarsaparilla

Also known as: Sarsaparilla, Hemidesmus indicus, Indian sarsaparilla, Sariva, Anantmul, Smilax glabra

Overview

Sarsaparilla refers to the roots of various *Smilax* species, with *Smilax glabra* being a commonly studied variety, and *Hemidesmus indicus* (Indian sarsaparilla) being a related species with similar traditional uses. Historically, it has been utilized in herbal medicine for a range of conditions, including skin disorders, inflammation, and as a general tonic. Key bioactive compounds found in sarsaparilla include flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids, which are believed to contribute to its observed effects. Research indicates potential anti-inflammatory, detoxification, liver protective, and anticancer properties. While preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) show promise, high-quality human randomized controlled trials are limited, suggesting a moderate level of research maturity and varying evidence quality.

Benefits

Sarsaparilla exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily supported by preclinical research. Its anticancer activity is notable, with *Smilax glabra* extracts demonstrating the ability to inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines and reduce tumor growth in animal models. These effects are thought to involve the induction of S phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy through oxidative stress and MAPK/ERK pathways. However, human clinical evidence for these effects is currently lacking. Sarsaparilla also shows promise for liver protection, as flavonoid-rich extracts have been shown to reverse liver damage in rat models. Traditional use and some preclinical data suggest anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, potentially beneficial for conditions like arthritis and urethritis. The saponins present in sarsaparilla may also enhance the bioavailability of other supplements or drugs, potentially increasing their efficacy. Additionally, traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda, have historically used sarsaparilla for treating skin diseases, syphilis, and urinary disorders.

How it works

The mechanisms of action for sarsaparilla's observed effects are primarily attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including flavonoids and saponins. Its anticancer properties are believed to stem from the disruption of intracellular redox balance, leading to oxidative stress and the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which in turn induce cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects are likely mediated through antioxidant activity and the modulation of immune responses. Saponins may also play a role in enhancing the absorption of co-administered compounds by increasing membrane permeability. However, the precise bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the active compounds in humans are not yet fully understood, and further research is needed to elucidate these pathways comprehensively.

Side effects

Sarsaparilla extracts generally appear to have a low toxicity profile in preclinical studies. However, comprehensive data on common side effects in humans are not well documented. Large doses of saponins, a key component of sarsaparilla, may potentially cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. Despite this, controlled studies have not reliably reported significant adverse effects such as nausea or diarrhea. A notable concern is the potential for drug interactions, as the saponins in sarsaparilla may increase the absorption and thus the bioavailability of other co-administered compounds or drugs, which could lead to altered drug efficacy or increased side effects. Due to insufficient data, the safety of sarsaparilla during pregnancy, lactation, or in specific populations with underlying health conditions remains unclear, and it is advisable to exercise caution in these groups.

Dosage

There is currently no standardized dosing regimen for sarsaparilla established through high-quality human clinical trials. Traditional use varies widely, and animal studies often employ extracts standardized by their flavonoid or saponin content. The optimal doses required to achieve specific effects, such as anticancer or hepatoprotective benefits, have yet to be defined in humans. Factors such as the timing of administration and the formulation (e.g., aqueous extract, powder) are known to influence bioavailability, but these aspects also require further investigation to provide clear guidelines. Without robust human data, it is difficult to specify upper limits or safety thresholds, and individuals should exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before use.

FAQs

Is sarsaparilla safe?

Sarsaparilla is generally considered safe at traditional doses, but high doses may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Comprehensive human safety data are limited, and caution is advised.

Does it cause nausea or diarrhea?

Current evidence does not reliably support sarsaparilla causing nausea or diarrhea. Some traditional uses even suggest it may help reduce diarrhea in certain contexts.

Can it be used for cancer treatment?

Preclinical evidence shows promising anticancer effects in cell lines and animal models. However, there are no human clinical trials confirming its efficacy or safety for cancer treatment in humans.

How long until benefits appear?

The timeline for experiencing benefits from sarsaparilla is unknown. Most available data come from short-term preclinical studies, and human research is needed to determine onset of effects.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25732255/ – This preclinical study investigated the anticancer effects of *Smilax glabra* extract in various cancer cell lines and mouse models. It found that the extract induced S phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy, mediated by oxidative stress and the ERK1/2 pathway, and inhibited tumor growth with low toxicity. The study provides strong preclinical evidence but highlights the need for human data.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32007632/ – This systematic review on *Hemidesmus indicus* (Indian sarsaparilla) summarized its multiple reported bioactivities and traditional uses. The review emphasized the critical need for bioactivity-guided isolation of compounds and rigorous human safety and efficacy trials, indicating a gap in high-quality clinical research despite extensive preclinical data.
https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/sarsaparilla – This source references animal experimental studies demonstrating the hepatoprotective effects of sarsaparilla. It notes that flavonoid-rich extracts from sarsaparilla were able to reverse markers of liver damage and improve liver function in rats with chemically induced liver injury. This suggests potential for liver support, though human trials are needed.
https://www.jairamdass.com/blog/herbs/benefits-of-indian-sarsaparilla-powder-and-extract/ – This article discusses the traditional uses of Indian sarsaparilla, including its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It mentions its historical application in Ayurvedic medicine for conditions like arthritis and urethritis, supporting the traditional claims with general references to its phytochemical content.
http://jazindia.com/index.php/jaz/article/view/3553?articlesBySimilarityPage=92 – This source provides information on the traditional uses of sarsaparilla, particularly in Ayurvedic medicine. It highlights its historical application for treating skin diseases, syphilis, and urinary disorders, underscoring its long-standing role in traditional healing practices.
https://consensus.app/search/does-sarsaparilla-cause-nausea-and-diarrhea-in-som/7A-eD1sCRgmXcoUHvaVa5A/ – This source addresses the common question of whether sarsaparilla causes nausea or diarrhea. It indicates that current evidence does not reliably support these as common side effects and suggests that sarsaparilla may even have properties that could help reduce diarrhea in some contexts, contradicting anecdotal concerns.