Organic Tribulus Terrestris
Also known as: Tribulus terrestris, Puncture vine, Goat’s head, Caltrop, Gokshura
Overview
Tribulus terrestris is a flowering plant belonging to the Zygophyllaceae family, native to warm temperate and tropical regions. It has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, primarily for its purported aphrodisiac, profertility, and adaptogenic properties. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, including steroidal saponins (such as protodioscin), flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides, which are believed to contribute to its physiological effects. It is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders, and liquid extracts, with standardized extracts being preferred for consistency. Research on Tribulus terrestris is ongoing, with studies investigating its effects on sexual function, hormone levels, and overall well-being. While some studies show promise, the overall quality of evidence is considered variable due to methodological limitations and heterogeneity in study designs.
Benefits
Tribulus terrestris has been investigated for several potential benefits, primarily related to sexual function and hormone modulation. Some studies suggest modest improvements in erectile function and libido in men, although the effect sizes are generally small and not consistently significant across all studies. Meta-analyses indicate a potentially significant positive effect on overall female sexual function. Some research also suggests that Tribulus terrestris may increase serum testosterone levels, particularly in premenopausal women, but this effect is not consistently observed in men. Limited evidence supports its use for profertility (improved sperm parameters) and as a mild diuretic. Overall, while some benefits have been observed, the certainty of evidence is generally low, and further research is needed to confirm these effects and determine their clinical significance.
How it works
The mechanism of action of Tribulus terrestris is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve several biological pathways. Steroidal saponins, such as protodioscin, may play a role in modulating sex hormone levels, including testosterone. Some evidence suggests that Tribulus terrestris may enhance nitric oxide synthesis, which could improve blood flow to genital tissues. It also exhibits mild diuretic effects, potentially through renal mechanisms. The primary systems affected are the endocrine and urogenital systems. However, the absorption and bioavailability of saponins are generally poor, although some metabolites may be bioactive.
Side effects
Tribulus terrestris is generally well-tolerated in short-term use (up to 3 months). Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort and headache. Uncommon side effects (occurring in 1-5% of users) may include dizziness and insomnia. Rare side effects (less than 1%) include allergic reactions and photosensitivity. Potential drug interactions exist with antihypertensives, diuretics, and hormone therapies, and there is a theoretical risk with anticoagulants. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, and hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. Caution is advised for individuals with kidney disorders or those on hormone therapies. Long-term safety data is limited, and further research is needed to fully assess the potential risks associated with prolonged use.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of Tribulus terrestris is not well established, but most studies use 250–750 mg/day of a standardized extract. An optimal dosage range is typically 250–750 mg/day, standardized to 40–60% saponins. It is advisable to avoid exceeding 1,000 mg/day without medical supervision. Tribulus terrestris is usually taken once or twice daily, with meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. Standardized extracts are preferred for consistency. Bioavailability may be enhanced when taken with food. No specific cofactors are required for its effectiveness.
FAQs
How long does it take to see results from Tribulus terrestris?
Effects are modest and may take 1–3 months to manifest. It is not a substitute for medical treatment of sexual dysfunction.
Is Tribulus terrestris safe?
Short-term use is generally safe; long-term safety is unknown. Take with meals to minimize GI side effects.
What are the expected results from taking Tribulus terrestris?
Small improvements in sexual function and possibly testosterone levels, especially in women, may be observed. It is not a significant testosterone booster for men.
Who should avoid taking Tribulus terrestris?
Pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions, and those with kidney disorders should avoid or use with caution.
Can Tribulus terrestris interact with medications?
Yes, potential interactions exist with antihypertensives, diuretics, hormone therapies, and anticoagulants. Consult with a healthcare provider before use.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ – This systematic review from 2014 examined the effects of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function. The review found that trials varied significantly in dosage and duration, making a meta-analysis impossible due to the heterogeneity of the studies, and highlighted the lack of standardization and small sample sizes as limitations.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/7/1275 – This 2024 study investigates the impact of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function and testosterone levels. The research suggests potential benefits for female sexual function and testosterone modulation, particularly in premenopausal women, while noting the need for further studies to confirm these findings and establish clinical significance.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34638031/ – This systematic review from 2021, including 5 RCTs with 279 participants, investigated the effects of Tribulus terrestris on premenopausal women. The review found a significant increase in sexual function scores and serum testosterone in premenopausal women, but noted the small sample sizes, short duration, and low certainty of evidence as limitations.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/7118431 – This systematic review and meta-analysis from 2023 examined the profertility and aphrodisiac effects of Tribulus terrestris. The review found significant improvements in sexual function and sperm parameters, but noted high heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and short duration as limitations, with an overall moderate quality assessment and low to moderate GRADE certainty.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/rbgo/a/j9q637hwJbhZDWPb8syg83w/ – This study provides insights into the traditional uses and chemical composition of Tribulus terrestris. It highlights the presence of steroidal saponins and other bioactive compounds, which are believed to contribute to its purported health benefits, particularly in relation to sexual function and hormone modulation.
