Oxiracetam
Also known as: 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-pyrrolidinoacetamide, ISF-2522
Overview
Oxiracetam is one of the racetams, and is structurally different from piracetam due to a single hydroxyl group. It is also used for nootropic purposes such as enhancing learning in students or preventing against cognitive decline. Like all other racetams, it is a synthetic molecule that is not found in food sources or in nature. When looking at the evidence for oxiracetam at this point in time it seems to have a fair bit of human evidence for reducing the rate of organic cognitive decline and with dementia, yet the lone study in persons with Alzheimer's showed no apparent benefit with oxiracetam supplementation. When it does aid in cognitive decline, it is somewhat comparable in potency to Alpha-GPC and seems to be slightly more potent than piracetam. There is currently no evidence to support cognitive enhancement of oxiracetam in young humans with no cognitive impairment looking to increase memory formation. When looking at animal evidence, oxiracetam appears to very reliably and potently prevent amnesia induced by a variety of anti-cholinergic or anti-glutaminergic compounds (injections of 3-30mg/kg in rats pretty much normalizing memory formation). It has been implicated in increasing memory formation in otherwise healthy and young rats/mice with no apparent cognitive impairment (suggesting that it can be used as a nootropic) but it appears to require at least a five day loading period. Oxiracetam is a positive AMPA modulator similar in mechanism and potency (but not binding site) to both piracetam and aniracetam but may have an additional benefit of increasing glutamate, acetylcholine, and D-aspartic acid release from activated but not resting neurons. This two-fold sequence (enhancing glutamate release and then positively modulating one of the receptors it signals through) ultimately increases metabolic activity in neuronal cells and memory formation.
Benefits
Oxiracetam is a positive AMPA modulator similar in mechanism and potency (but not binding site) to both piracetam and aniracetam but may have an additional benefit of increasing glutamate, acetylcholine, and D-aspartic acid release from activated but not resting neurons. This two-fold sequence (enhancing glutamate release and then positively modulating one of the receptors it signals through) ultimately increases metabolic activity in neuronal cells and memory formation.
How it works
Oxiracetam appears to enhance the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and can aid in memory formation. It has been shown to reduce the rate of organic cognitive decline and may be somewhat comparable in potency to Alpha-GPC. It has also been implicated in preventing amnesia induced by various compounds and increasing memory formation in healthy young rats.
Side effects
Supplementation of Oxiracetam tends to be in the dosage range of 1,200-2,400mg taken over the course of a day, either in two to three evenly spread dosing periods (such as three doses of 400mg or 800mg). No studies have assessed whether or not oxiracetam would benefit from being taken with a meal, but it should be taken approximately one hour prior to a learning activity.
Dosage
There is no specific mention of side effects, safety concerns, or contraindications in the provided text.
FAQs
What are other names for Oxiracetam?
Oxiracetam is also known as 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-pyrrolidinoacetamide and ISF-2522. It should not be confused with Aniracetam or Piracetam.
