Oxyphyte Grape Seed Extract
Also known as: Grape Seed Extract, Oxyphyte Grape Seed Extract, *Vitis vinifera*
Overview
Grape seed extract (GSE), derived from the seeds of the grapevine (*Vitis vinifera*), is renowned for its high levels of polyphenols, especially proanthocyanidins. Known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, GSE finds primary applications in supporting cardiovascular health, managing oxidative stress, and aiding in inflammation reduction. The extract is generally delivered in capsule or tablet forms, with its broader health benefits being reflected in various scientific studies, although research quality can be inconsistent. The moderate maturity of available research covers numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, emphasizing the extract's potential efficacy in enhancing health outcomes, particularly in populations experiencing oxidative stress and cardiovascular risks.
Benefits
GSE is associated with significant evidence-based benefits, including a marked reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -1.04) and oxidized LDL (SMD: -0.44). Additionally, it has been linked to decreased levels of inflammation markers like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.48 mg/L). Recognized secondary benefits include potential improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, notably lower systolic blood pressure. Most research highlights that individuals experiencing oxidative stress or those with cardiovascular risk factors may derive the highest benefit from supplementation. The effect sizes observed indicate moderate to large significance, appearing within weeks to months of consistent use.
How it works
Grape seed extract operates primarily through its antioxidant mechanisms by mitigating lipid peroxidation and modifying inflammatory processes. It influences the cardiovascular system by improving lipid profiles and alleviating oxidative stress. The polyphenols found in GSE engage with cellular pathways associated with inflammation and oxidative damage. Despite low absorption rates of these compounds, they have demonstrated biological efficacy, contributing to the management of health conditions linked to oxidative stress.
Side effects
Grapeseed extract is generally regarded as safe for the majority of adults; however, some users may experience gastrointestinal issues such as upset stomach, although these occurrences are relatively rare. Uncommon side effects include allergic reactions or interactions with certain medications, especially anticoagulants and diabetes medications. There is limited documentation on rare adverse effects. Caution is advised for individuals with conditions such as bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants, and the extract is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to insufficient safety data.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for grape seed extract typically ranges from 100 to 200 mg per day, while optimal doses for antioxidant effects are generally between 200 to 400 mg per day. Although upper dosage limits are not clearly established, exceeding 400 mg daily is less common in the studied literature. No specific timing for consumption is necessary, but taking GSE with food may enhance its bioavailability. Forms such as capsules or tablets are commonly used, and while no cofactors are explicitly required, it's important to note that absorption may improve when taken with meals.
FAQs
Can grape seed extract be taken with meals?
Yes, taking GSE with meals may enhance absorption and improve its effectiveness.
Is grape seed extract safe to take with other medications?
Generally safe; however, consult with a healthcare provider if on blood thinners or diabetes medications.
When can I expect to see results from grape seed extract?
Benefits may manifest within a few weeks to months of consistent supplementation.
Is grape seed extract a cure-all?
No, GSE should complement a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle rather than serve as a standalone remedy.
What is the best way to store grape seed extract?
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight to maintain potency.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107109/ – This study involves a systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies, concluding that grape seed extract significantly reduces oxidative stress and some inflammatory markers, with a moderate quality of evidence.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijcp.14469 – This meta-analysis includes nine randomized controlled trials, indicating that grape seed extract significantly lowers systolic blood pressure, though with limitations due to a small study pool.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/5086541 – This review assesses various phytochemicals in grape seed extract and their potential health benefits, though as a review, it lacks the robustness of primary research studies.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341134392_A_REVIEW_ON_POTENTIAL_PROPERTIES_AND_THERAPEUTIC_APPLICATIONS_OF_GRAPE_SEED_EXTRACT – This overview discusses the therapeutic applications of grape seed extract, focusing on its properties while noting the need for further rigorous studies.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51533856_The_Effect_of_Grape_Seed_Extract_on_Cardiovascular_Risk_Markers_A_Meta-Analysis_of_Randomized_Controlled_Trials – This meta-analysis investigates the effects of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers, showing promising benefits but highlighting the variability in study quality.