Paeonia Lactiflora
Also known as: Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Chinese peony, Radix Paeoniae Alba, White peony root, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Red peony root, Paeonia lactiflora
Overview
Paeonia lactiflora, commonly known as the Chinese peony, is a plant species whose roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine. The roots contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, and monoterpene glycosides, with total glucosides of paeony (TGP) being a key component. It is traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, and is applied in treating various autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Known for its immune-modulating effects, extracts are often used in combination with conventional treatments to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Research maturity is moderate, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available, though more high-quality trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety. The evidence is generally of moderate to low certainty due to the high risk of bias in some studies. It is available in extract form, often standardized for TGP content.
Benefits
Paeonia lactiflora, particularly its total glucosides (TGP), has demonstrated benefits in reducing disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) when used alongside conventional treatments. Studies show significant improvements in SLEDAI scores. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may also be beneficial in conditions like early atherosclerosis. The most pronounced benefits are observed in patients with autoimmune diseases, especially SLE. The effect sizes for reducing disease activity in SLE are generally significant, with benefits typically observed within a few months of treatment. However, the certainty of evidence is moderate to low, highlighting the need for further high-quality research.
How it works
Paeonia lactiflora exerts its effects primarily through immune modulation and anti-inflammatory pathways, such as inhibiting NF-κB signaling. It primarily affects the immune and cardiovascular systems. Compounds like paeoniflorin interact with various biological targets to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The bioavailability of Paeonia lactiflora compounds varies, with some having greater potential for therapeutic activity. These mechanisms contribute to its therapeutic effects in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
Side effects
Paeonia lactiflora is generally considered safe when used appropriately, although more data on long-term safety is needed. Common side effects are not well-documented in the literature. Potential but uncommon side effects include gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions, though these are rare. Rare side effects are not well-documented. There are potential interactions with immunosuppressive drugs, though specific interactions are not well-studied. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data. Caution is advised in patients with severe kidney or liver dysfunction. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before use, especially if taking other medications.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of Paeonia lactiflora is not well-established, as it is typically used in combination with other treatments. Optimal dosage ranges vary based on the specific formulation and the condition being treated. The maximum safe dose is not clearly defined. It is often taken orally, with the timing dependent on specific treatment protocols. Extracts or total glucosides are commonly used. Bioavailability can vary based on the specific compounds and formulation. There are no specifically identified required cofactors. Due to the lack of clear dosage guidelines, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing recommendations.
FAQs
Should I consult a healthcare provider before using Paeonia lactiflora?
Yes, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider before using, especially if you are taking other medications, to monitor for potential interactions or side effects.
Is Paeonia lactiflora safe?
It is generally considered safe, but monitor for potential interactions or side effects. Long-term safety data is still needed, and caution is advised in certain populations.
How should Paeonia lactiflora be taken?
Follow specific treatment protocols provided by your healthcare provider. Timing and administration depend on the specific condition being treated and the formulation used.
What results can I expect from taking Paeonia lactiflora?
You may experience improvement in disease activity for conditions like SLE. It is not a replacement for conventional treatments and should be used in conjunction with them.
Can Paeonia lactiflora replace my current medications?
No, it is not a replacement for conventional treatments; it should be used in conjunction with them under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35173622/ – A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 RCTs with 978 participants found that total glucosides of paeony (TGP) combined with conventional treatments were superior to conventional treatments alone in reducing SLE disease activity. However, the certainty of evidence was rated as moderate to low, indicating a need for further high-quality research to confirm these findings.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27279421/ – This pharmacological review highlights the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties of compounds found in Paeonia lactiflora. It suggests potential therapeutic applications for these compounds in various conditions, emphasizing their role in traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmacology.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36569311/ – Another systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating TGP in SLE noted significant improvements in SLEDAI scores when TGP was combined with conventional therapies. The authors emphasize that while the results are promising, there is a need for more high-quality trials to confirm these findings and establish the efficacy of TGP in SLE treatment.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34679642/ – This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of Paeonia lactiflora in the context of early atherosclerosis. It highlights the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the plant's compounds, suggesting a possible role in preventing or mitigating the progression of this cardiovascular condition.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.834947/full – This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological effects of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) and their potential therapeutic applications. It discusses the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of TGP, emphasizing its role in treating autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions.
