Parthenium
Also known as: Tanacetum parthenium, Feverfew
Overview
Feverfew (*Tanacetum parthenium*) is a medicinal plant native to Europe and Asia, primarily recognized for its potential in migraine prevention. It contains sesquiterpene lactones, notably parthenolide, believed to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. Unlike *Parthenium hysterophorus*, which is considered a weed, feverfew has a history of traditional use and is available in various supplement forms, including capsules and tablets. While research on feverfew's efficacy is mixed, some studies suggest it may reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. It is generally considered safe, with mild side effects reported in some users. Consistent daily dosing is typically recommended for preventive benefits. The quality of available evidence varies, with some studies having methodological limitations.
Benefits
Feverfew's primary benefit is the potential reduction in migraine frequency. A systematic review indicated that feverfew reduced migraine frequency by approximately 0.6 attacks per month compared to placebo. However, the clinical significance of this effect may vary among individuals. While some studies show promising results, others have found no significant effect. The evidence for secondary effects beyond migraine prevention is limited. Benefits may be observed after several weeks of consistent use. It is important to note that feverfew is not effective for all types of headaches and may not work for everyone.
How it works
Feverfew's mechanism of action is primarily attributed to parthenolide, its active compound. Parthenolide may inhibit serotonin release from platelets and block prostaglandin synthesis, both of which are implicated in migraine pathology. It interacts with the vascular and neurological systems. Parthenolide is also known to inhibit NF-κB and other inflammatory pathways. While the bioavailability of parthenolide is not well-established, it is believed to be absorbed orally. These combined effects potentially contribute to feverfew's anti-migraine properties.
Side effects
Feverfew is generally considered safe, but it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include gastrointestinal complaints and mouth ulcers. Uncommon side effects include allergic reactions. Severe allergic reactions are rare. Feverfew may interact with anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, increasing the risk of bleeding. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data. Caution is advised in individuals with bleeding disorders. It is important to discontinue use before surgery due to its potential antiplatelet effects.
Dosage
The typical dosage of feverfew extract ranges from 50 to 100 mg per day, containing 0.5 to 1.5 mg of parthenolide. Some studies have used 6.25 mg of MIG-99 extract (containing 0.5 mg parthenolide). The optimal dose is not well-established, and doses above 100 mg are not commonly recommended. Consistent daily dosing is recommended for migraine prevention. Feverfew is commonly available in capsule or tablet form. Absorption may vary based on the formulation and individual factors. There are no specifically identified required cofactors.
FAQs
How long should I take feverfew to see results?
Feverfew should be used consistently for several weeks to assess its efficacy in reducing migraine frequency. It is not intended for acute migraine treatment.
Is feverfew safe?
Feverfew is generally safe but can cause allergic reactions and interact with certain medications, particularly anticoagulants. Consult a healthcare professional before use.
How should I take feverfew for migraine prevention?
Daily dosing is recommended for preventive effects. Follow the dosage guidelines on the product label or as directed by a healthcare provider.
What results can I expect from taking feverfew?
Some individuals may experience a reduction in migraine frequency. However, feverfew is not effective for all types of headaches and may not work for everyone.
Can feverfew cure my migraines?
Feverfew is not a cure for migraines, but it may help reduce the frequency and severity of attacks in some individuals. It's best used as a preventive measure.
Research Sources
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00396.x?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.6 – This study is a systematic review that examined the efficacy of feverfew for migraine prevention. It analyzed six trials with a total of 561 patients and found that feverfew may reduce migraine frequency, although the results were mixed due to heterogeneity among the studies.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9232325/ – This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of feverfew extract (MIG-99) on migraine frequency in 147 patients over 12 weeks. The study found no statistically significant difference in migraine frequency between feverfew and placebo, although some trends suggested better tolerability of feverfew.
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/efficacy-and-safety-of-feverfew-tanacetum-parthenium-l-an-update-of-a-systematic-review/58D33D08C23C4F4C9625DBD3470A43C0 – This systematic review provides an updated analysis of the efficacy and safety of feverfew (*Tanacetum parthenium* L.) for migraine prevention. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple studies to assess the overall effectiveness of feverfew in reducing migraine frequency and severity, while also considering potential side effects and safety concerns associated with its use.
- https://www.science.gov/topicpages/c/central+africa+methods – This URL is not directly related to the research content provided. It discusses methods related to Central Africa and does not provide relevant information about Parthenium or feverfew.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7133498/ – This study focuses on the phytochemical analysis of *Parthenium hysterophorus*, examining its urease inhibitory activities and identifying various phytochemicals present. While it provides insights into the phytochemical properties of *Parthenium hysterophorus*, it does not focus on human health benefits or the effects of feverfew (*Tanacetum parthenium*).
