Pausinystalia Yohimbe Bark Extract
Also known as: Yohimbe bark extract, Yohimbine hydrochloride, Yohimbine, Pausinystalia yohimbe
Overview
Pausinystalia yohimbe is a tree native to West Africa, and its bark extract is a traditional stimulant and aphrodisiac. The primary active compound is yohimbine, an alkaloid responsible for its pharmacological effects. Historically, it has been used for enhancing sexual function and treating erectile dysfunction (ED). While some research suggests its potential for athletic performance and weight loss, its main application in modern supplementation is for ED. The scientific evidence supporting its use for ED is moderately strong, with several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicating efficacy. However, its use is accompanied by significant safety concerns, particularly regarding cardiovascular and central nervous system side effects, necessitating careful consideration and medical supervision.
Benefits
The primary evidence-based benefit of Pausinystalia yohimbe bark extract, specifically its active compound yohimbine, is the improvement of erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have consistently shown that yohimbine significantly increases the odds of improved erectile function by approximately 2 to 4 times compared to placebo (Odds Ratio ~2.08 to 3.85, p < 0.01). When combined with other supplements, this efficacy may be further enhanced (Odds Ratio up to 6.35). This benefit is particularly noted in men with organic impotence, including those with diabetes. The effect size is considered moderate, indicating clinically relevant improvements. Secondary benefits include potential enhancement of genital blood flow through vasodilation, increased genital tissue sensation, and improved reflex excitability in sacral nerves. Effects are typically observed within a few weeks of consistent administration.
How it works
Yohimbine, the primary active alkaloid in Pausinystalia yohimbe bark extract, primarily functions as an alpha-2 (α2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist. By blocking these receptors, it increases sympathetic nervous system outflow and promotes the release of norepinephrine, leading to vasodilation, particularly in penile tissue. It also antagonizes alpha-1 (α1)-adrenoceptors, which contributes to the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum. Furthermore, yohimbine may enhance the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in endothelial cells, further facilitating smooth muscle relaxation and increasing blood flow to the penis. This vasodilatory effect is partly dependent on testosterone and involves endothelial NO synthase activity. Yohimbine hydrochloride is orally bioavailable, though absorption and pharmacokinetics can vary.
Side effects
While generally safe at therapeutic doses, yohimbine has a narrow therapeutic window, meaning the difference between an effective dose and a dose causing side effects is small. Common side effects, affecting more than 5% of users, include increased heart rate (tachycardia), elevated blood pressure (hypertension), anxiety, headache, and dizziness. Less common side effects (1-5%) include nausea, sweating, and tremors. Rare but severe adverse effects (less than 1%) can include severe hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, psychosis, and seizures. Yohimbine can interact negatively with several medications; caution is advised when co-administering with antihypertensives, stimulants, and psychiatric medications due to potential additive effects on blood pressure and central nervous system stimulation. It is contraindicated in individuals with cardiovascular disease, pre-existing hypertension, anxiety disorders, and in pregnant women. It should also not be used concurrently with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Special populations, such as the elderly or those with underlying cardiovascular risks, require careful monitoring due to increased susceptibility to adverse effects.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for Pausinystalia yohimbe bark extract, specifically its active component yohimbine hydrochloride, varies depending on the individual and the intended purpose. A minimum effective dose is approximately 5 mg of yohimbine hydrochloride daily. The optimal dose range typically falls between 5 and 20 mg per day, often divided into multiple doses to manage potential side effects and maintain consistent levels. It is generally advised not to exceed 30 mg per day due to an increased risk of adverse effects. Yohimbine is administered orally, and effects on erectile function are usually observed within days to weeks of consistent use. Standardized yohimbine hydrochloride is preferred over crude bark extracts, as the latter can have highly variable yohimbine content, leading to inconsistent dosing and unpredictable effects. Food intake may influence absorption, and monitoring cardiovascular parameters is recommended during use.
FAQs
Is yohimbe extract the same as yohimbine?
No, yohimbine is the isolated active alkaloid responsible for most of the extract's effects. Yohimbe bark extract contains yohimbine along with other compounds, and its yohimbine content can vary significantly, making standardized yohimbine hydrochloride a more consistent option.
Is it safe to use yohimbe?
Yohimbe is generally safe at recommended doses but has a narrow therapeutic window and can cause significant cardiovascular and central nervous system side effects. Medical supervision is highly recommended, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those taking other medications.
How quickly does yohimbe work for erectile dysfunction?
Effects on erectile function typically begin to appear within 2 to 4 weeks of consistent daily administration. It is not an immediate-acting supplement like some pharmaceutical options for ED.
Does yohimbe work for everyone with ED?
No, not all individuals respond to yohimbe. It tends to be more effective in cases of organic erectile dysfunction and may show better results when used in combination with other treatments or lifestyle changes.
Can yohimbe be used long-term?
Long-term safety data for yohimbe are limited. Due to its potential side effects and narrow therapeutic window, caution is advised regarding prolonged use, and medical guidance is recommended for any extended period of supplementation.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9612744/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials found that yohimbine, both alone and in combination, significantly improved erectile function in ED patients, with odds ratios ranging from 2.08 to 6.35. The study highlights the efficacy of yohimbine for ED, despite heterogeneity in study designs and dosages.
- https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63942-9 – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials concluded that yohimbine was superior to placebo in improving erectile function, including in diabetic patients, with an odds ratio of 3.85. It also noted a low incidence of serious adverse events, supporting its efficacy for ED.
- https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=23076 – This in vitro pharmacological study on rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle demonstrated that yohimbe extract relaxed precontracted smooth muscle, similar to sildenafil. The findings suggest that its mechanism involves nitric oxide release and potential PDE-5 inhibition, providing mechanistic support for its clinical effects on erectile function.
- https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/yohimbe – This source provides a comprehensive overview of yohimbe, detailing its traditional uses, active components, and mechanisms of action. It emphasizes yohimbine's role as an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist and its effects on vasodilation, while also outlining common side effects, drug interactions, and contraindications, particularly concerning cardiovascular and CNS risks.
