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Phellodendron

Also known as: Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Amur cork tree, Huang Bai, Phellodendron amurense

Overview

Phellodendron is an herbal supplement derived from the bark of the *Phellodendron* tree, primarily *Phellodendron amurense* and *Phellodendron chinense*, native to Asia. It has a history of use in traditional medicine for conditions like fever, diarrhea, and infections. Modern applications explore its potential benefits for cardiovascular health, weight management, and anti-inflammatory effects. A key component of Phellodendron is berberine, known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Research on Phellodendron is still emerging, with most studies being small-scale or pilot studies. It is available primarily as a bark extract and often used in combination products.

Benefits

Phellodendron, particularly when combined with other extracts like *Citrus sinensis*, has shown potential benefits for cardiovascular health. A study using a combination of *Phellodendron amurense* and *Citrus sinensis* extracts (NP 06-1) demonstrated significant improvements in lipid profiles, blood pressure, and fasting glucose levels in overweight and normal-weight adults with osteoarthritis. Another study suggests potential weight management benefits when combined with magnolia extracts, possibly by reducing stress-related eating in overweight women. Furthermore, *Phellodendron amurense* extract has exhibited antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects in vitro, suggesting potential anticancer properties. However, more rigorous research is needed to confirm these benefits.

How it works

Phellodendron's mechanism of action is primarily attributed to berberine, a key component known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Berberine interacts with various biological pathways, including influencing lipid metabolism and glucose regulation. It is known to interact with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other molecular targets. However, the bioavailability of berberine is generally poor, which may affect the overall efficacy of Phellodendron. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms of action of Phellodendron and its components.

Side effects

Phellodendron is generally considered safe for short-term use in adults, but long-term safety data is limited. Common side effects are not well-documented but may include gastrointestinal issues. Uncommon side effects, reported in some cases, include fatigue, headache, and sexual dysfunction. Rare side effects include thyroid dysfunction and heartburn. Phellodendron may interact with cyclosporine, medications metabolized by CYP3A4, and anticoagulants. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to berberine's potential to harm the fetus or infant. Use should be avoided in newborns and premature infants due to potential brain damage risks. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using Phellodendron, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Dosage

There is no established minimum effective dose or maximum safe dose for Phellodendron. In studies, it is often used in combination products; for example, NP 06-1, a combination of *Phellodendron amurense* and *Citrus sinensis* extracts, was dosed at 740 mg per day (two capsules of 370 mg each). Phellodendron is often used as a bark extract. Due to the limited data on Phellodendron specifically, and the known poor bioavailability of berberine, it is important to follow the dosage recommendations provided by a healthcare professional or as indicated on the product label. No specific timing recommendations or required cofactors are documented.

FAQs

Who should avoid taking Phellodendron?

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid Phellodendron due to the potential harm berberine may cause to the fetus or infant. It should also be avoided in newborns and premature infants.

Are there any known drug interactions with Phellodendron?

Yes, Phellodendron may interact with cyclosporine, medications metabolized by CYP3A4, and anticoagulants. Consult with a healthcare provider if you are taking any medications.

What are the potential benefits of Phellodendron?

Phellodendron may offer benefits for cardiovascular health, weight management, and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly when combined with other extracts. However, more research is needed to confirm these benefits.

How should Phellodendron be taken?

Follow the dosage recommendations provided by a healthcare professional or as indicated on the product label. There are no specific timing recommendations, but it is often used as a bark extract.

Is Phellodendron safe for long-term use?

Long-term safety data is limited. It is generally considered safe for short-term use in adults, but consult with a healthcare professional before using it for extended periods.

Research Sources

https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/phellodendron.htm – This RxList page provides general information on Phellodendron, including its uses, side effects, interactions, and precautions. It notes that Phellodendron is used for osteoarthritis, weight loss, acne, and other conditions, but emphasizes that there is limited scientific evidence to support many of these uses. The page also highlights potential side effects and interactions with certain medications.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2409365/ – This study investigates the effects of a proprietary multi-ingredient dietary supplement on weight management and stress-related eating in overweight women. The supplement, containing Phellodendron and Magnolia extracts, showed potential in reducing weight gain by modulating cortisol levels and stress responses. The research suggests that the combination may help manage stress-related eating behaviors.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9143060/ – This study examines the effects of a combination of *Phellodendron amurense* and *Citrus sinensis* extracts (NP 06-1) on cardiovascular health in overweight and normal-weight adults with osteoarthritis. The randomized, double-blind study found significant improvements in lipid profiles and fasting glucose levels. These findings suggest that NP 06-1 may have potential benefits for managing cardiovascular risk factors.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1095/phellodendron – This WebMD page provides an overview of Phellodendron, including its uses, effectiveness, side effects, and interactions. It notes that Phellodendron is used for various conditions, such as osteoarthritis and acne, but emphasizes that more evidence is needed to rate its effectiveness for these uses. The page also highlights potential side effects and cautions related to pregnancy and breastfeeding.