Pheretima Aspergillum Extract
Also known as: Earthworm, Dilong, *Pheretima aspergillum*
Overview
*Pheretima aspergillum* is a species of earthworm utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for its health benefits, particularly its antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from natural environments where earthworms thrive. Recent scientific inquiries have emphasized its bioactive compounds that potentially modulate fibrosis-related biological pathways. While its usage in traditional medicine has longstanding roots, contemporary research predominantly consists of animal studies that illustrate its potential to reduce tissue fibrosis by targeting specific molecular pathways. However, human clinical data remain limited, indicating a need for more robust research to validate its efficacy for human health applications.
Benefits
The primary benefit of *Pheretima aspergillum* extract is its ability to reduce tissue fibrosis, as substantiated by meta-analysis results showing significant reductions in TGF-β1 (SMD = -3.16) and α-SMA (SMD = -2.57) levels (*p* < 0.00001). Benefits are primarily evidenced in animal models, with potential implications for conditions characterized by fibrosis. Secondary benefits related to anti-inflammatory effects have been suggested through traditional uses, although this notion lacks rigorous empirical validation.
How it works
The antifibrotic effects of *Pheretima aspergillum* extract are primarily linked to its inhibition of TGF-β1 and α-SMA pathways, which are critical in the regulation of fibrosis. By interacting with these biochemical pathways, the extract may alter immune responses and tissue repair processes, thereby mitigating fibrotic tissue formation and promoting healthier tissue remodeling. Despite its promising mechanism of action, detailed studies on absorption and bioavailability are lacking.
Side effects
The current safety profile of *Pheretima aspergillum* in humans is unclear due to the absence of extensive clinical studies. Traditionally, it has been used without widespread reports of adverse effects. Common and rare side effects are not documented (>5% and <1%, respectively), and potential side effects remain unknown. In terms of drug interactions, this area has not been well studied, which suggests that caution is warranted for individuals on medications. Pregnant women and those with severe allergies should also exercise caution because of insufficient safety data.
Dosage
For *Pheretima aspergillum*, specific dosage guidelines have not been established for humans, leaving the optimal dosage ranges and maximum safe dose unspecified. Recommendations are primarily derived from traditional usage as an extract. Due to the lack of human trials, factors influencing absorption and bioavailability remain uncharacterized, further complicating the establishment of dosing recommendations. Thus, individuals interested in this extract should proceed with caution and consult healthcare professionals for individualized advice.
FAQs
Can I use *Pheretima aspergillum* for fibrotic conditions?
It shows promise based on animal studies, but human use is not well-documented. Always consult a healthcare provider.
What are the safety concerns with *Pheretima aspergillum*?
Human safety data is limited. It is traditionally used but caution is advised, especially in pregnancy and allergy concerns.
How should I take *Pheretima aspergillum*?
Dosing information is not established; traditional uses incorporate it as an extract. Consult with a healthcare provider.
What effects can I expect from *Pheretima aspergillum*?
Potential antifibrotic effects are observed in animal studies; human results are yet to be validated.
Is *Pheretima aspergillum* proven for human use?
Despite its traditional use, its efficacy in humans has not been conclusively proven; more research is needed.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36618931/ – This study highlights the antifibrotic effects of *Pheretima aspergillum* through regulation of specific biochemical markers, mainly in animal models. It emphasizes the need for further human studies.
- https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/598ed09044d4b4e9a9d4e40aa159d5b70aaa2c89 – Meta-analysis that consolidates findings from various studies showcasing the efficacy of earthworm extract in inhibiting fibrosis development, affirming its traditional uses.
- https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet5_Effect_of_Pheretima_aspergillum_on_reducing_fibrosis_A_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_DOCX/21775490 – This systematic review and meta-analysis analyze various studies confirming the antifibrotic potential of *Pheretima aspergillum*, emphasizing its therapeutic promise.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1039553/xml/nlm?isPublishedV2=false – This article reviews the pharmacological actions of *Pheretima aspergillum*, focusing on its effects on fibrosis, underlining the gaps in human clinical trials.
- https://gotriple.eu/documents/ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article%2F21775478 – This document presents a comprehensive review of evidence surrounding *Pheretima aspergillum*'s role in reducing fibrosis in preclinical studies, stressing the necessity for rigorous human trials.
