Phyllanthus Niruri Extract
Also known as: Stonebreaker, Chanca Piedra, Phyllanthus niruri
Overview
*Phyllanthus niruri* is a small annual herb prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, notable for its diverse pharmacological properties. Traditionally employed in herbal medicine, it is primarily recognized for its effectiveness in addressing kidney stones, fever, and inflammation. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenes, which contribute to its medicinal properties. Research suggests that *Phyllanthus niruri* has moderate quality evidence, showcasing its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects, although more rigorous clinical studies are warranted to substantiate these findings fully.
Benefits
Evidence-based benefits of *Phyllanthus niruri* include: - **Anti-inflammatory Effects:** Significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF-α and IL-6, as supported by a meta-analysis demonstrating effect sizes of SMD -17,611 (95% CI -29,347, -5,875; p=0.003) and SMD -3,263 (95% CI -5,403, -1,222; p=0.003) respectively. - **Kidney Stones:** A meta-analysis indicating modest efficacy in reducing the size and number of kidney stones (SMD -0.39 cm, 95% CI = -0.68 to -0.09, p=0.01). - **Hepatoprotective and Antiviral Effects:** Other secondary benefits include antioxidant, antibacterial, and hypolipidemic activities. The general population, particularly individuals suffering from inflammation and kidney stones, may gain the most from its use. However, further clinical trials are necessary for definitive conclusions.
How it works
*Phyllanthus niruri* exerts its effects primarily through the inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, leading to reduced production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2. This modulation of immune response is believed to play a crucial role in its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. Additionally, the interaction with cellular signaling pathways enables *Phyllanthus niruri* to impact liver and kidney functions.
Side effects
The safety profile of *Phyllanthus niruri* appears generally positive; however, comprehensive safety data remain limited. Common side effects are not well-documented, but potential gastrointestinal issues can occur in some individuals. Severe or rare side effects are not fully established. Caution is advised for individuals on anticoagulants or blood sugar-lowering medications, as *Phyllanthus niruri* may interact with these drugs. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should refrain from use due to insufficient safety data. Special populations, such as those with diabetes or those on anticoagulant therapy, should consult healthcare professionals before usage.
Dosage
Currently, a minimum effective dose for *Phyllanthus niruri* has not been precisely established, as dosage can vary significantly with traditional applications. Optimal dosages typically arise from herbal preparations, and exact amounts are not standardized. A maximum safe dose has not been defined, thus caution is warranted. It is usually prepared as a tea or in capsule form, though absorption factors and required cofactors need further research to confirm efficacy.
FAQs
What are the practical usage concerns with *Phyllanthus niruri*?
The main concerns involve the lack of standardized dosing and its potential interactions with various medications.
Is *Phyllanthus niruri* safe to use?
Generally considered safe but caution is recommended for pregnant women and those with specific health conditions.
How should I take *Phyllanthus niruri*?
Timing and method of administration are not well-documented and may vary depending on the condition being treated.
What results can I expect from using *Phyllanthus niruri*?
Users may experience a reduction in inflammation and kidney stone size, though results can vary.
Are there any misconceptions about *Phyllanthus niruri*?
Some believe in its benefits without recognizing the need for more robust clinical evidence.
Research Sources
- https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/download/10823/1490/37901 – This meta-analysis highlights the anti-inflammatory effects of *Phyllanthus niruri*, demonstrating significant reductions in inflammatory cytokines across five studies, albeit with limited overall data quality.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283048/ – This review discussed the pharmacological properties of *Phyllanthus niruri*, emphasizing its hepatoprotective and antiviral potentials amid a lack of clinical trial data for concrete recommendations.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32333735/ – The meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of *Phyllanthus niruri* in treating kidney stones, finding modest evidence for reductions in stone size and count; however, the quality of included studies was evaluated as low.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28512988/ – This research explores the various pharmacological impacts of *Phyllanthus niruri*, contributing insights into its diverse therapeutic applications, highlighting the variability in study designs.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384166137_Anti-Inflammatory_Effect_of_Phyllanthus_niruri_A_Meta-Analysis – This study provided a synthesis of the anti-inflammatory properties of *Phyllanthus niruri*, revealing significant impacts on inflammatory markers with a call for enhanced quality of future clinical studies.
