Phyllanthus Niruri Leaf Extract
Also known as: Stonebreaker, Chanca Piedra, Phyllanthus niruri
Overview
Phyllanthus niruri is a small annual herb native to tropical and subtropical regions, often utilized in traditional medicine to address various health concerns. It is primarily recognized for its applications in treating kidney stones, liver ailments, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The extract is rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenes. Although there is moderate research supporting its efficacy, the quality and scale of studies vary, and more clinical trials are needed for robust conclusions and standardization of its use. Common forms of intake include capsules and teas, but the exact profiles of benefits and safety are still under investigation.
Benefits
Research highlights several evidence-based benefits of Phyllanthus niruri. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, shown to reduce cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, with a meta-analysis reporting notable effect sizes (p=0.003). Additionally, studies suggest modest efficacy in alleviating kidney stone burden, indicating reductions in mean stone size and quantity. Hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic, analgesic, and cardioprotective effects have also been observed, particularly in general populations suffering from inflammation and kidney stones. However, evidence remains variable, emphasizing the necessity for further rigorous clinical trials to establish definitive efficacy.
How it works
Phyllanthus niruri modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting key cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 while potentially blocking the NF-kB signaling pathway. This interaction primarily affects the immune and renal systems, leading to reduced inflammation and possible benefits related to kidney health. Molecular targets of Phyllanthus niruri include inflammatory mediators, though comprehensive understanding of its absorption and bioavailability remains limited.
Side effects
Phyllanthus niruri is generally considered safe, but large-scale safety data are lacking. Common side effects (>5%) are not well-documented, although gastrointestinal discomfort may occur, similar to other herbal products. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) may include allergic reactions and potential drug interactions with anticoagulants or diabetes medications due to its hypoglycaemic effects. While rare side effects (<1%) have not been reported in current literature, caution is advised in individuals with bleeding disorders or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, given the insufficient safety data in these populations.
Dosage
There is no established minimum effective dose for Phyllanthus niruri, with optimal dosages typically ranging from 1 to 2 grams of dried extract per day; however, this is contingent upon individual conditions and formulations. The maximum safe dose is not definitively established but exceeding 2 grams should be approached with caution. Administration with meals is recommended to minimize gastrointestinal side effects, and bioavailability may enhance with fatty foods. Common forms of intake include capsules or teas, yet specific cofactors required for efficacy have not been documented.
FAQs
Is Phyllanthus niruri safe to use?
Generally, Phyllanthus niruri is considered safe but monitor for possible interactions, especially with medications.
How should I take Phyllanthus niruri?
For best effects, take consistently, possibly with meals, for optimal absorption and to mitigate any gastrointestinal issues.
How long until I see results?
Expected benefits vary based on condition, and it may take several weeks to notice effects.
Can it replace conventional treatment?
No, it should not replace prescribed medical treatments; consult your healthcare provider for serious conditions.
Research Sources
- https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/download/10823/1490/37901 – This meta-analysis assesses the anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus niruri, revealing significant reductions in inflammatory cytokines, validating its traditional use in inflammation management.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283048/ – A comprehensive review outlining the pharmacological properties of Phyllanthus niruri, emphasizing its hepatoprotective and antiviral potential, yet noting the lack of extensive clinical trials.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32333735/ – This meta-analysis offers insights into the efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri in reducing the burden of kidney stones, reporting significant decreases in stone size and number.