Phytase 20 FTI
Also known as: Phytase (EC 3.1.3.8), Phytase 20 FTI, Phytase
Overview
Phytase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), a form of phosphorus found in plants that is largely indigestible by monogastric animals such as poultry and swine. By breaking down phytic acid, phytase releases bioavailable phosphorus and other nutrients that would otherwise be chelated and unavailable. Commercial phytase supplements are typically derived from microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) and are widely used in animal feed. Its primary application is to improve phosphorus availability, reduce environmental phosphorus pollution from animal waste, and enhance growth performance and bone mineralization in livestock. Extensive research, including meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, supports its efficacy in animal nutrition.
Benefits
Phytase offers significant benefits primarily in animal nutrition. It substantially improves phosphorus digestibility and retention, leading to enhanced bone mineralization and growth performance in broilers and pigs, especially in diets deficient in phosphorus and calcium. Meta-analyses show statistically significant improvements in growth parameters (ADFI, ADG, BWG) and mineralization. Furthermore, phytase increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids, with dose-dependent improvements of approximately 6.7% to 8.0% at doses of 500 to 1,000 FTU/kg, thereby enhancing overall nutrient utilization. It also reduces the feed conversion ratio (FCR), indicating improved feed efficiency. Secondary benefits include enhanced utilization of other minerals like calcium and zinc due to phytate degradation, and a reduction in environmental phosphorus pollution. These benefits are most pronounced in meat-type broilers and growing pigs during starter and grower-finisher phases.
How it works
Phytase functions by hydrolyzing phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the small intestine. This enzymatic action releases inorganic phosphate and lower inositol phosphates. By breaking down phytic acid, phytase reduces its ability to chelate essential minerals (such as calcium, zinc, and iron) and proteins, making these nutrients more bioavailable for absorption. The enzyme itself is not absorbed but acts within the gut lumen, enhancing nutrient absorption and utilization by the animal. Its efficacy is influenced by factors such as feed composition, pH levels in the gut, and the stability of the enzyme under digestive conditions.
Side effects
Phytase is generally recognized as safe for use in animal feed. Controlled studies at recommended dosages have not reported any adverse effects. There are no significant side effects observed in animal studies at typical supplementation levels. In the context of animal feed, there are no known drug interactions or contraindications reported. The safety profile is robust, with no specific risk factors identified for its target animal populations. It is considered a safe and effective feed additive when used according to established guidelines.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for phytase to achieve measurable improvements in nutrient digestibility is around 500 FTU/kg of feed. Optimal dosage ranges commonly fall between 500 to 1,000 FTU/kg feed. While higher doses, up to 3,000 FTU/kg, have been studied and may offer incremental benefits, the returns often diminish beyond 1,000 FTU/kg. Studies have shown no adverse effects even at doses up to 3,000 FTU/kg, indicating a wide safety margin. Continuous supplementation throughout the growth phases of animals is recommended for consistent benefits. Phytase preparations are standardized by FTU (Phytase Unit) activity. The enzyme's activity can be influenced by feed composition, pH, and the presence of inhibitors, while dietary calcium and phosphorus levels can modulate its efficacy.
FAQs
Is Phytase 20 FTI effective in improving growth?
Yes, meta-analyses confirm that phytase significantly improves growth performance and bone mineralization in broilers and pigs, especially when diets are deficient in phosphorus and calcium.
Is it safe?
Yes, phytase is generally recognized as safe for use in animal feed, with no adverse effects reported in controlled studies at typical and even higher supplementation levels.
How quickly does it work?
Benefits of phytase are observed during the early growth phases (starter phase) and are sustained throughout the entire feeding period, providing continuous improvement in nutrient utilization.
Does it improve amino acid digestibility?
Yes, phytase dose-dependently increases the apparent ileal digestibility of both essential and non-essential amino acids, enhancing overall protein utilization in animals.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11274156/ – This meta-analysis of 16 studies on broilers demonstrated that phytase significantly improved growth parameters (ADFI, ADG, BWG), bone strength, and mineralization. Effects were more pronounced in the starter phase, with robust statistical significance (SMD with p ≤ 0.05), despite some heterogeneity in study designs.
- https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/100/2/skac037/6523280 – This meta-analysis of 24 studies focused on young broilers, showing a dose-dependent increase in the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (up to +8% at 1,000 FTU/kg). It also confirmed improved phosphorus retention and tibia ash, highlighting phytase's role in amino acid and mineral utilization.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7357581/ – This randomized controlled trial on growing pigs found that phytase at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg significantly increased the apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus by 11-19% and improved phosphorus absorption and growth. However, it noted no significant effect on energy or nitrogen digestibility.
- https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jsfa.12879 – This source provides general information about phytase and its role in enhancing mineral utilization, specifically calcium and zinc, by degrading phytate. It supports the understanding of secondary benefits beyond phosphorus release.
