Plant Squalene Complex
Also known as: Squalene, Squalane, Squalane Oil, Squalene Complex
Overview
Squalene is a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon and isoprenoid compound that occurs naturally in various sources, predominantly in shark liver oil, but also in certain vegetable oils, yeast, fungi, and human sebum. Characterized by six double bonds, squalene functions as a crucial lipid-soluble antioxidant, vital for human health. As a precursor for the synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones, it finds applications in dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Existing studies emphasize its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, though current human clinical research is limited, highlighting the necessity for further investigation into its efficacy and safety in broader populations.
Benefits
Squalene is linked to several evidence-based advantages: 1) Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects: Clinical studies report significant reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation; 2) Anti-atherosclerotic Effects: Squalene supplementation has been associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels and decreased hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides; 3) Anticancer Properties: Emerging studies hint at potential anticancer effects, notably in targeted tumor therapies; 4) Skin Hydration: Renowned for its emollient properties, squalene aids in maintaining skin hydration. Individuals with metabolic disorders may experience enhanced lipid metabolism benefits. Systematic reviews indicate marked improvements in lipid profiles and antioxidant status with both topical and oral use, although effectiveness can vary across studies.
How it works
Squalene serves primarily as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals to reduce oxidative stress. It modulates inflammatory responses through various biological pathways and enhances HDL cholesterol while reducing hepatic cholesterol levels via gene regulation mechanisms. Its interactions with the liver, skin, and cardiovascular system depict its established bioavailability supported by human, animal, and in vitro research.
Side effects
Squalene is generally recognized as safe when used appropriately, with few adverse effects reported. Rare complications have not been documented in clinical studies. However, individuals with severe liver issues should consult healthcare professionals before use, paying particular attention to interactions with lipid-lowering medications. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek advice from healthcare providers due to limited safety data. Long-term safety information remains insufficient, hence prolonged use of squalene is advised cautiously.
Dosage
Recommended squalene dosages typically range from 100-500 mg daily for minimal effects; some studies suggest optimal doses between 500-2000 mg daily for enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. It is advisable to take squalene with meals to improve absorption. There is no established maximum safe dose, but individuals should exercise caution when considering higher dosages due to potential impacts on lipid metabolism. Plant-sourced squalene derived from sustainable palm fruit is favored to help preserve biodiversity compared to shark-derived sources.
FAQs
Is squalene safe for long-term use?
Squalene is generally safe, but long-term safety data is limited. Consulting a healthcare provider is recommended for individuals with underlying conditions.
When should I take squalene?
Squalene can be taken any time of day, with meals suggested to enhance absorption.
What results can I expect from squalene supplementation?
Expect rapid antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, while improvements in lipid metabolism may take several weeks.
Is squalene effective in lowering cholesterol?
Squalene influences lipid metabolism and may help balance cholesterol levels but is not a direct cholesterol-lowering agent.
Research Sources
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6510938/ – This systematic review discusses the health benefits of squalene, emphasizing its role as an antioxidant and its potential therapeutic effects in various conditions. It highlights existing shortcomings in human trials and stresses the need for more extensive studies to validate benefits observed in animal models.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.644450/full – The paper details squalene's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, summarizing various preclinical and clinical studies. It provides insights into mechanisms of action and relevant metabolic pathways influenced by squalene, advocating for its use in functional foods.
