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POLYGONUM MULTIFLORUM EXTRACT

Also known as: Polygonum multiflorum, He-Shou-Wu, Fo-ti, Shou Wu Pian

Overview

Polygonum multiflorum, also known as He-Shou-Wu or Fo-ti, is a perennial plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The root of the plant is the primary part used for its purported health benefits. It is often associated with anti-aging effects, hair loss prevention, and improved sleep. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, including stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids, and phospholipids, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects. While traditionally considered safe, modern research has raised concerns about its potential toxicity, particularly regarding liver damage. It is available in various forms, including raw and processed extracts, powders, and capsules. Due to the potential for adverse effects, caution is advised when considering its use.

Benefits

Evidence suggests that Polygonum multiflorum may have some benefits, primarily observed in animal studies. These include alleviating non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance, improving glucose tolerance, and reducing lipid accumulation in the liver. Traditionally, it has been used for anti-aging, wound healing, and as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. However, high-quality clinical trials in humans are lacking to confirm these benefits. The strength of evidence for most of these benefits is considered low to moderate, and more rigorous research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in humans.

How it works

Polygonum multiflorum is believed to exert its effects through various mechanisms, primarily related to its bioactive compounds. These compounds, including stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids, and phospholipids, may contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It may modulate lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, affecting lipid metabolism. However, the specific molecular targets and detailed mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise biological pathways involved and how they interact with different body systems.

Side effects

Polygonum multiflorum has been associated with several adverse effects, most notably hepatotoxicity. Common side effects reported include jaundice, fatigue, and hepatomegaly, which are indicative of liver injury. Uncommon side effects may include choluria and anorexia. In rare cases, severe liver damage leading to chronic conditions or even death has been reported. Middle-aged men appear to be more frequently affected by liver injury associated with its use. Due to the potential for liver damage, individuals with pre-existing liver conditions should avoid Polygonum multiflorum. Drug interactions are not well-documented, but caution is advised when taken with other medications. Pregnancy may also be a contraindication due to potential embryotoxicity.

Dosage

There is no established minimum effective dose or maximum safe dose for Polygonum multiflorum in human studies due to toxicity concerns. Traditional use varies widely, ranging from 3 g/d to 20 g/d, but the safety of these dosages has not been confirmed. Raw versus processed forms may have different safety profiles, with processed forms potentially being less toxic. There are no specific timing recommendations or required cofactors for its use. Given the potential for liver damage, it is crucial to exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before using Polygonum multiflorum.

FAQs

Is Polygonum multiflorum safe to use?

Polygonum multiflorum carries a risk of liver injury, making it essential to monitor liver function if used. Consult a healthcare professional before use.

When is the best time to take Polygonum multiflorum?

There is no established optimal timing for taking Polygonum multiflorum. Its effects and absorption have not been extensively studied in humans.

What benefits can I expect from taking Polygonum multiflorum?

Reported benefits are largely anecdotal or based on animal studies. High-quality human trials are needed to confirm any potential benefits.

Is Polygonum multiflorum safe because it's a traditional medicine?

Despite its traditional use, Polygonum multiflorum carries significant toxicity risks, particularly liver damage. It should not be assumed safe.

Research Sources

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/2353 – This study found that Polygonum multiflorum extract alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance in animal models. The research suggests potential benefits for metabolic health, but human trials are needed to confirm these findings.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38953108/ – This systematic review highlights the chemical components and toxic mechanisms of Polygonum multiflorum. It emphasizes the need for detoxification strategies to reduce hepatotoxicity and other adverse effects associated with its use.
https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i20/5490.htm – This systematic review documents numerous cases of liver injury associated with Polygonum multiflorum. Symptoms reported include jaundice and hepatomegaly, with withdrawal of the herb typically resolving the symptoms, indicating a causal relationship.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1427019/full – This article discusses the detoxification strategies to reduce the hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum. It emphasizes the importance of processing methods to mitigate the adverse effects associated with its use.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01467/full – This research explores the chemical components of Polygonum multiflorum and their potential pharmacological activities. It provides insights into the compounds responsible for both the therapeutic and toxic effects of the plant.