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Propolis Water Extract

Also known as: Propolis, Bee glue, Propolis extract, Propolis water extract

Overview

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources, used to seal and protect their hives. It is rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Propolis water extract is a specific preparation where propolis is solubilized in water, aiming to improve bioavailability and reduce allergenic potential compared to alcohol-based extracts. It is commonly used in dietary supplements to support metabolic health, immune function, and wound healing. While research on propolis itself is relatively mature, studies specifically focusing on water extracts are still emerging. Existing evidence suggests that propolis water extract retains many of the beneficial properties of propolis, with potentially improved tolerability.

Benefits

Propolis supplementation, including water extracts, has demonstrated several health benefits. Meta-analyses show statistically significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (approximately -6.6 mg/dL) and total cholesterol (approximately -9.7 mg/dL). It also reduces inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP). Secondary benefits include improved lipid profiles (reduced LDL, increased HDL), reduced oxidative stress, and modest blood pressure reductions. These benefits are most pronounced in adults with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or elevated inflammatory markers. Most studies report benefits after 8–12 weeks of supplementation. While effect sizes are generally small to moderate, the clinical significance is notable for metabolic and inflammatory markers.

How it works

Propolis exerts its effects through multiple biological pathways. Its antioxidant activity involves scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress. It inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, modulating the inflammatory response. Propolis also influences lipid metabolism enzymes, contributing to improved lipid profiles. The primary systems affected are the metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Known molecular targets include the NF-κB pathway, AMPK, and PPAR-γ. Water extracts may have altered bioavailability of certain polyphenols compared to alcohol extracts, but are generally better tolerated and may reduce allergenic risk.

Side effects

Propolis is generally well-tolerated in clinical studies. Common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort and allergic reactions, especially in individuals with known bee product allergies. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) may include oral irritation and mild rash. Rare side effects (less than 1%) include severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. No major drug interactions have been reported, but there is a theoretical risk with anticoagulants due to propolis's antiplatelet effects. Propolis is contraindicated for individuals with allergies to bee products. Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to limited safety data.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of propolis extract is around 100–200 mg/day. Optimal dosage ranges for metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects are typically between 200–500 mg/day. Dosages up to 1,000 mg/day have been used in clinical studies without significant adverse effects. Propolis is typically taken once or twice daily with meals. Water extracts may be preferred for individuals sensitive to alcohol or with a history of allergies, although they may have lower bioavailability for some polyphenols. No specific cofactors are required for propolis supplementation.

FAQs

Is propolis water extract safe?

Propolis water extract is generally safe for most adults. However, individuals with allergies to bee products should avoid it. Start with a low dose to assess tolerance.

When should I take propolis water extract?

Take propolis water extract with meals to minimize potential gastrointestinal discomfort. Consistency is key for observing benefits over time.

What benefits can I expect from propolis water extract?

You can expect modest improvements in metabolic and inflammatory markers after 8–12 weeks of consistent use, alongside a healthy lifestyle.

Is propolis water extract a cure for metabolic diseases?

No, propolis water extract is not a cure. Its benefits are adjunctive to lifestyle modifications and medical management of metabolic conditions.

Are there any differences between propolis water extract and alcohol extract?

Yes, water extract is less likely to cause irritation or allergic reactions compared to alcohol extract, but may have lower bioavailability of some compounds.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8588957/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of propolis on metabolic disorders. The study included multiple RCTs involving adults with metabolic disorders and found significant reductions in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and inflammatory markers after 8–12 weeks of supplementation. The authors noted heterogeneity among studies and limited data specifically on water extract.
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/1542184 – This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of propolis on inflammatory markers. The study included multiple RCTs with adults experiencing elevated inflammatory markers and reported a reduction in CRP and other inflammatory markers after propolis supplementation. The authors highlighted moderate heterogeneity and limited data on water extract specifically.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8212256/ – This study is a review of propolis and its use in treating wounds, burns and other skin conditions. It highlights the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of propolis that contribute to its wound-healing effects. The review also discusses the various forms of propolis and their applications.
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/764 – This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of propolis from different geographic regions. It identifies various bioactive compounds in propolis and their potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The study emphasizes the importance of geographic origin in determining the chemical profile and bioactivity of propolis.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effects-of-propolis-consumption-on-blood-pressure-lipid-profile-and-glycemic-parameters-in-adults-a-gradeassessed-systematic-review-and-doseresponse-metaanalysis/14D49DFB6FF4B9C36F372BD53DA5D9CC – This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the effects of propolis consumption on blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemic parameters in adults. The study found dose-dependent improvements in cardiometabolic parameters. The authors noted limited data on water extract and some studies with small sample sizes, but the overall quality was high, with GRADE assessment.