Pycnogenol Pine Bark Extract
Also known as: Pycnogenol, French Maritime Pine Bark Extract, Extract from Pinus pinaster Aiton
Overview
Pycnogenol is a proprietary extract derived from the bark of the French maritime pine (*Pinus pinaster* Aiton). It contains 65–75% procyanidins, which are biopolymers made up of catechin and epicatechin monomers. This antioxidant-rich supplement is primarily utilized for its purported health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, mitigating oxidative stress, and enhancing cardiometabolic health. Extensive research has been conducted on Pycnogenol, with over 160 clinical studies involving more than 10,000 participants, yielding a moderate to high level of evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Its primary active constituents include procyanidins and flavonoids, which contribute to its functionality as a supplement.
Benefits
Pycnogenol has been associated with various health benefits, particularly in cardiometabolic health. Clinical studies demonstrate significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (mean change: -5.86 mg/dl) and improvements in hemoglobin A1c levels. Additionally, it has shown beneficial effects on blood pressure, with reductions in both systolic (-3.22 mmHg) and diastolic (-1.91 mmHg) measures. When combined with L-arginine, it can improve sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction, with measurable increases in satisfaction scores. Elderly populations may also benefit from reduced oxidative stress and cognitive enhancement, though specific magnitude effects are variably reported.
How it works
Pycnogenol exerts its effects primarily through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce oxidative stress and improve endothelial function. It enhances blood vessel function, lowers blood pressure, and positively influences lipid profiles and glucose metabolism. The active ingredients, particularly procyanidins and their metabolites, target vital pathways involved in cardiovascular health, leading to improved metabolic profiles and bodily functions.
Side effects
Pycnogenol is generally considered safe when used appropriately. It is typically well-tolerated, with no common side effects reported in over 5% of users. Uncommon and rare side effects have not been documented in existing literature. However, as with any supplement, caution is advised when combining it with other medications, especially those affecting blood pressure and glucose levels. No specific contraindications are indicated, but individuals with significant health issues or pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult healthcare professionals before starting supplementation. Adverse interactions are not prevalent, but individual assessments are prudent.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for Pycnogenol typically ranges from 30 to 360 mg per day, with common effective doses around 100 to 200 mg. While study results have shown benefits with doses as low as 30 mg/day, higher doses might be required for specific effects, particularly on blood pressure, typically noted in studies lasting longer than 12 weeks. It is essential that users consider factors like the timing of intake and absorption influences notably from gut microbiota.
FAQs
Is Pycnogenol safe?
Yes, Pycnogenol is generally safe, but individuals with major health concerns should consult healthcare professionals before use.
When should I take Pycnogenol?
Pycnogenol can be taken at any time of day, but consistent daily use is recommended for best results.
What results can I expect?
Users can expect improvements in cardiometabolic health and potential enhancement in sexual function, though results may vary by individual.
Does Pycnogenol cure diseases?
No, Pycnogenol is not a cure for diseases but may help manage certain health conditions.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31585179/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized results from 24 RCTs involving 1594 participants, highlighting significant reductions in key cardiometabolic markers, including blood glucose and blood pressure, and suggesting the need for further long-term studies.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ptr.6515 – This analysis of 12 clinical trials involving 922 participants confirmed Pycnogenol's effectiveness in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly in trials lasting over 12 weeks, emphasizing its role in managing hypertension.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1389422/full – This meta-analysis reviewed studies on Pycnogenol's effectiveness on erectile dysfunction, consolidating data from three studies with 184 participants which demonstrated significant improvements in sexual function and related scores.
