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Pygeum Extract

Also known as: Pygeum africanum, African cherry tree, African prune tree

Overview

Pygeum africanum is an herbal extract derived from the bark of the African cherry tree, traditionally used in African medicine. Its primary application is in treating symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), specifically alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The extract contains bioactive compounds, including sterols like beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. Research on Pygeum africanum is considered moderate, supported by several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews. However, there is a need for more long-term and standardized studies to confirm its efficacy and safety. The available evidence is generally of moderate quality due to variability in study design, short durations, and a lack of standardized outcome measures. Pygeum africanum is available in capsule or tablet form and is often standardized to contain a specific percentage of sterols.

Benefits

Pygeum africanum has demonstrated benefits in improving urologic symptoms and flow measures in men with BPH. Studies show a moderately large improvement in combined outcomes compared to placebo, with an effect size of -0.8 SD (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.3). Specifically, nocturia was reduced by 19%, residual urine volume by 24%, and peak urine flow was increased by 23%. Men using Pygeum africanum were more than twice as likely to report an improvement in overall symptoms (risk ratio = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4 to 3.1). There is also some evidence suggesting anti-inflammatory properties, as it reduced cytokine release in an in vitro study. These benefits are primarily observed in men with symptomatic BPH, particularly those experiencing LUTS. Benefits were observed over study durations ranging from 30 to 122 days.

How it works

The exact mechanism of action for Pygeum africanum is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic, and smooth muscle relaxant effects. The sterols present in the extract may play a role in these biological activities. Pygeum africanum interacts with the urinary system by improving urodynamic measures and reducing LUTS associated with BPH. The extract's anti-inflammatory effects suggest an impact on cytokine release and potentially on androgen receptors and smooth muscle cells. While specific molecular targets are not well defined, the combined effects contribute to its therapeutic benefits.

Side effects

Pygeum africanum is generally well-tolerated, with adverse effects similar to those of placebo. The overall dropout rate in studies was 12%, comparable across Pygeum africanum, placebo, and other control groups. There are no commonly reported side effects at a frequency greater than 5%. Specific uncommon side effects are not well-documented in the available literature. There is no significant evidence of rare side effects associated with Pygeum africanum. There is limited information on potential drug interactions; consulting a healthcare provider is advisable, especially when taking other medications or supplements. There are no well-documented contraindications, but caution is advised for pregnant or nursing women, or individuals with other health conditions without consulting a healthcare provider.

Dosage

Typical dosages of Pygeum africanum range from 50 to 100 mg per day of a standardized extract containing sterols. Optimal dosages are generally in the range of 50 to 100 mg per day, often standardized to contain a specific percentage of sterols such as beta-sitosterol. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses up to 100 mg per day have been used in clinical trials without significant adverse effects. There is no specific timing recommendation, but it is typically taken orally once or twice a day. The extract is usually available in capsule or tablet form, and it is recommended to choose a standardized preparation.

FAQs

Should I consult a healthcare provider before taking Pygeum africanum?

Yes, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting Pygeum africanum, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications.

How should I choose a Pygeum africanum supplement?

Choose a standardized preparation to ensure consistency in the active compounds, such as sterols like beta-sitosterol.

What kind of results can I expect from taking Pygeum africanum?

Improvements in urologic symptoms and flow measures can be expected, but the extent and speed of these improvements can vary among individuals.

Is Pygeum africanum a cure for BPH?

No, it is not a cure for BPH but rather a symptomatic treatment. Long-term efficacy and safety are not well established.

Are there any side effects?

Pygeum africanum is generally well tolerated, but it is crucial to monitor for any adverse effects and report them to a healthcare provider.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099686/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 18 RCTs involving 1,562 men with symptomatic BPH. The study found that Pygeum africanum provided a moderately large improvement in urologic symptoms and flow measures compared to placebo, reducing nocturia by 19% and increasing peak urine flow by 23%.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11869585/ – This Cochrane Database systematic review analyzed multiple trials of Pygeum africanum for BPH. It concluded that Pygeum africanum is better than placebo for treating men with BPH, improving urologic symptoms. However, the review noted limitations due to the small size and short duration of the included studies.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/15/8298 – This in vitro study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Pygeum africanum bark extract. The study found that the extract reduced cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PBMCs, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism.
https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/pygeum – This article provides a general overview of Pygeum, including its uses for BPH and prostate health. It highlights the traditional use of Pygeum and its potential benefits, while also noting the importance of consulting with a healthcare provider before use.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001044/abstract – This Cochrane review assesses the efficacy and safety of Pygeum africanum for treating BPH. The review indicates that Pygeum africanum is more effective than placebo in improving urologic symptoms, but it also emphasizes the need for larger, longer-term studies to confirm these findings and assess long-term safety.