Ratanhia Root Extract
Also known as: Ratanhia Root Extract, Rhatany Root Extract, Krameria triandra
Overview
Ratanhia root extract is derived from the root bark of *Krameria triandra*, a plant native to South America. It is traditionally used for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, particularly for treating minor inflammations of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. The extract is rich in tannins (up to 15% catechin tannins), neolignans, and proanthocyanidins, which are believed to contribute to its pharmacological effects. Primary applications include the treatment of sore throat, pharyngitis, and oral mucosal inflammation. It has also been explored for anti-parasitic effects, notably against *Eimeria* infections in animal models. Research on Ratanhia root extract is still emerging, with a limited number of high-quality clinical trials. Most evidence comes from in vitro studies, animal studies, and traditional use reports. Systematic reviews specifically on Ratanhia root extract are lacking, but related phytochemical and pharmacological properties have been reviewed in broader contexts.
Benefits
Ratanhia root extract offers several potential benefits, primarily due to its high tannin content. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and astringent effects, where tannins bind to proteins on mucous membranes, forming a protective film that reduces inflammation and inhibits pathogen colonization. This mechanism supports its traditional use for minor oral and pharyngeal inflammations. The extract also demonstrates antimicrobial activity against various pathogens in vitro, further supporting its application in oral health. Additionally, an in vivo murine study indicated anti-parasitic potential, showing that Ratanhia root extract reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the jejunum during *Eimeria papillata* infection. However, quantitative clinical data on effect sizes in humans are sparse, and no large-scale randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses specifically on Ratanhia root extract have been identified.
How it works
The primary mechanism of action for Ratanhia root extract is attributed to its high tannin content. These tannins exert astringent effects by precipitating proteins on mucosal surfaces, forming a protective barrier that helps to reduce inflammation and guard against pathogens. Anti-inflammatory effects are also likely mediated by the reduction of oxidative stress and modulation of apoptotic pathways, as observed in animal models of parasitic infection. The antimicrobial effects may arise from tannins and proanthocyanidins disrupting microbial membranes or inhibiting microbial enzymes. Absorption and systemic bioavailability data for Ratanhia root extract are limited, suggesting that most of its effects are topical or localized to mucous membranes.
Side effects
Ratanhia root extract is generally considered safe when used topically in the oral cavity for minor inflammations; however, systemic safety data are limited. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the reviewed animal or in vitro studies. Due to its tannin content, there is a potential for allergic reactions or irritation in sensitive individuals. Currently, there are no known drug interactions or contraindications documented in high-quality clinical studies. Long-term systemic safety has not been established, and evidence is primarily for topical use. Users should exercise caution and discontinue use if irritation or allergic reactions occur.
Dosage
There is no standardized dosing established from clinical trials for Ratanhia root extract. Traditional use primarily involves topical application as mouth rinses or lozenges containing the extract. The concentration of active tannins in commercial extracts can vary, with typical formulations containing up to 15% catechin tannins. Optimal dosing, timing, and duration for specific conditions require further clinical research. Due to the lack of comprehensive clinical data, it is advisable to follow the instructions provided by manufacturers of commercial products or consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate usage guidelines. Systemic use and its corresponding dosage are not well-studied.
FAQs
Is Ratanhia root extract effective for sore throat?
Yes, traditional use and in vitro data support its astringent and anti-inflammatory effects, making it potentially effective for minor oral and pharyngeal inflammations like sore throat.
Is it safe for long-term use?
Safety data are limited. Short-term topical use appears safe, but long-term systemic safety has not been established, and further research is needed.
Can it be used systemically?
Evidence is primarily for topical use in the oral cavity. Systemic effects and bioavailability are not well studied, and its use is generally not recommended for systemic conditions.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39055709/ – This murine study investigated the effects of Ratanhia root extract on *Eimeria papillata* infection. It found that the extract reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the jejunum of infected mice, suggesting its potential as an anti-parasitic agent and highlighting its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in an animal model.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1598255/full – This source provides a methodological framework for phytochemical evaluation, which is relevant for understanding the broader context of Ratanhia's active compounds. While not specific to Ratanhia, it offers insights into the scientific approach for studying botanical extracts and their potential pharmacological properties.
- https://www.cosmacon.de/en/ratanhia-extract/ – This review confirms the high tannin content of Ratanhia extract and its traditional use for minor oral inflammations. It highlights the astringent and antimicrobial properties attributed to these compounds, providing a good overview of its composition and historical applications, though it lacks clinical trial data.
