Reishi Mushroom Cap And Stalk Extract
Also known as: Reishi, Lingzhi, Ling chih, Ganopoly, Spirit plant, Reishi mushroom cap and stalk extract, Ganoderma lucidum
Overview
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as Reishi or Lingzhi, is a medicinal mushroom extract derived from its fruiting body. It has been traditionally used in East Asian medicine for centuries. The extract is rich in bioactive compounds, primarily beta-glucan polysaccharides and triterpenes, which are believed to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. Reishi is primarily recognized for its immunomodulatory properties, making it a subject of interest in cancer adjunct therapy, hepatoprotection, and antiviral applications. It also shows potential in supporting chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular health. While research is ongoing, the current evidence base, though promising, is characterized by a moderate number of clinical trials, many with methodological limitations and small sample sizes, highlighting the need for more robust, large-scale randomized controlled trials.
Benefits
Reishi mushroom extract is primarily known for its immunomodulatory effects, enhancing immune function by increasing natural killer (NK) cell activity and modulating T-lymphocyte subsets, which can be beneficial for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A Cochrane systematic review of 5 RCTs indicated that G. lucidum might improve tumor response and quality of life in cancer patients, though it's not recommended as a first-line treatment due to insufficient evidence. Some clinical studies suggest it can alleviate chemotherapy-induced nausea and improve lower urinary tract symptoms in men. Mild antidiabetic effects and improvements in dyslipidemia have been observed, although RCTs haven't confirmed cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes. Preclinical and some clinical data also point to hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
How it works
The therapeutic actions of Reishi mushroom extract are primarily attributed to its bioactive components: beta-glucan polysaccharides and triterpenes. Polysaccharides exert immunostimulatory effects by activating immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells, and by modulating cytokine production. Triterpenes contribute to anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. These compounds may also synergistically enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce chemoresistance by influencing multiple molecular pathways. While polysaccharides are generally poorly absorbed, they may interact with gut-associated lymphoid tissue to exert systemic effects. The specific mechanisms of absorption and bioavailability can vary depending on the extract preparation.
Side effects
Reishi mushroom extract is generally considered safe, with reported adverse effects typically being mild. These can include dizziness, gastrointestinal upset (such as stomach discomfort or diarrhea), and skin irritation. Rarely, prolonged use of Reishi may impact blood coagulation parameters, specifically increasing INR, PT, and APTT values. This can elevate the risk of bleeding, particularly when Reishi is taken concurrently with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. While no severe toxicity has been reported in clinical trials, caution is advised for pregnant or lactating individuals, and those on blood-thinning medications. There are no firmly established contraindications, but individuals with bleeding disorders or those undergoing surgery should consult a healthcare professional.
Dosage
Traditional Chinese Pharmacopoeia recommends a daily dosage of 6 to 12 grams of Reishi extract. Clinical trials have utilized specific polysaccharide extracts, such as Ganopoly, at doses up to 5.4 grams daily for durations of up to 12 weeks; this dose is roughly equivalent to 81 grams of the raw fruiting body. The optimal dosage can vary significantly depending on the standardization and concentration of the extract. There is currently no consensus on a maximum safe dose, but adverse effects are rare at the dosages studied. The timing of administration and the form of the supplement (e.g., capsule, powder, tincture) can influence its bioavailability. Polysaccharide-rich extracts are commonly used.
FAQs
Is reishi effective for cancer?
Reishi may improve immune function and quality of life in cancer patients, but it is not a substitute for conventional cancer treatment and should be used as an adjunct therapy only.
Is it safe to take with blood thinners?
Caution is advised when combining Reishi with blood thinners due to its potential to affect blood coagulation parameters and increase the risk of bleeding.
How long before benefits appear?
Clinical trials typically observe benefits within 8-12 weeks of consistent use, with some immunomodulatory effects potentially appearing sooner.
Does it cure diseases?
No, Reishi mushroom extract provides supportive and adjunctive benefits rather than curative effects for diseases. It helps modulate body functions.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27045603/ – This Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum in cancer patients. It found some evidence for improved tumor response and quality of life, but concluded that the evidence was insufficient to recommend it as a first-line cancer treatment due to methodological limitations and heterogeneity among studies.
- https://www.drugs.com/npp/reishi-mushroom.html – This clinical overview summarizes various trials on Reishi mushroom, highlighting its immunostimulatory, hepatoprotective, and mild antidiabetic effects. It generally concludes that Reishi is safe with mild side effects, but notes the scarcity of large, high-quality randomized controlled trials to firmly establish all its purported benefits.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10969097/ – This systematic review explores the synergistic potential of mushroom extracts, including Reishi, with chemotherapy. It suggests that bioactive compounds in mushrooms may enhance chemotherapy efficacy and reduce chemoresistance, primarily based on preclinical data, with limited high-quality clinical trials supporting these interactions.
- https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/reishi-mushroom – This clinical summary from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center provides an overview of Reishi's properties, including its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. It acknowledges some clinical benefits in areas like lower urinary tract symptoms and as a cancer adjunct, while noting limited RCT support for other claims like cardiovascular or Alzheimer's benefits.
Recommended Articles
Best Ingredients for Healthy Hair Growth
Vitamins D, iron, zinc, and natural oils like rosemary are crucial for healthy hair growth.
Mushroom Supplement Extraction: Enhancing Potency
Extraction is essential to unlock the full potency of certain mushroom supplements like Reishi, Cordyceps, and Lion's Mane.
Vitamin D2 vs D3: Optimal Doses & Benefits
Vitamin D3 is more effective than D2 in raising vitamin D blood levels, with recommended doses varying based on individual needs.
Top Adaptogens for Stress Relief: A Scientific Guide
Adaptogens like Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, and Holy Basil are effective for stress relief, supported by clinical evidence.