Rosemary Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract
Also known as: Rosemary, Rosemary Leaf, _Rosmarinus officinalis_
Overview
Rosemary (_Rosmarinus officinalis_) is a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region, widely used both culinarily and medicinally. The hydroethanolic extract is made from the leaves and contains bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenes like carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid. This extract has garnered interest for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing properties. The overall body of research is moderate to high, indicating that while some effects are well-supported, more rigorous clinical trials are necessary for certain applications.
Benefits
1. Antioxidant Activity: Rosemary extract exhibits strong antioxidant properties, reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Evidence for this is provided by an in vitro study demonstrating marked protective effects against oxidative stress. 2. Cognitive Function: RCT findings suggest that rosemary essential oil can improve cognitive performance, particularly in older adults. Although the effects of hydroethanolic extracts specifically are less documented, the potential for cognition support is noted. 3. Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Hydroethanolic extracts show significant anti-inflammatory activity beneficial in conditions like arthritis, supported by animal model studies. 4. Antimicrobial Activity: The extract has demonstrated antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi, indicating potential uses in wound healing. These benefits suggest rosemary might be particularly beneficial for the elderly and individuals with inflammatory conditions.
How it works
Rosemary extract operates through several biological pathways. It activates antioxidant enzymes and inhibits inflammatory mediators, contributing to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid are key compounds that interact with neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways related to inflammation and cell stress responses. The bioavailability of these compounds varies but is generally good when taken orally.
Side effects
Rosemary leaf hydroethanolic extract is generally safe when consumed in moderate amounts. Common side effects occur in more than 5% of users, primarily gastrointestinal upset and occasional allergic reactions. Rarely, excessive intake (especially over 1 gram per day) may lead to seizures. There are noted interactions with blood thinners, diabetes medications, and certain antidepressants, necessitating caution in those populations. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid use due to insufficient safety data. Those with epilepsy or certain medication profiles should take care and consult healthcare providers before use.
Dosage
The recommended dosing for rosemary hydroethanolic extract typically ranges from 100 to 500 mg per day, with clinical studies favoring doses between 100 and 300 mg. High doses above 1 gram per day are not advised without medical supervision. Timing is flexible, though consistent daily use is recommended. The extraction form is significant; hydroethanolic extracts are favored for their diverse bioactive profiles. Food intake, particularly fatty meals, may enhance absorption, while little is specified in terms of required cofactors.
FAQs
When should I take rosemary extract?
Consistency is key; it can be taken at any time of the day.
When can I expect to see results?
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be seen within a few weeks; cognitive improvements may take longer.
Is rosemary a miracle cure?
No, it should complement a balanced health regimen and not replace medical treatments.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/23/12964 – This in vitro study demonstrates the significant antioxidant properties of rosemary leaf extract, showing reductions in lipid peroxidation and enhancements in antioxidant enzyme activities.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7141 – A randomized controlled trial found that rosemary essential oil improved cognitive function in older adults, supporting its potential cognitive-enhancing effects, although this was not specifically based on the hydroethanolic extract.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2515690X20978394 – Using a hydroethanolic extract, this animal model study documented significant anti-inflammatory effects, indicating potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases.
- https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(23)10185-X.pdf – This research explores the multifaceted bioactive nature of rosemary, noting its various health benefits, particularly its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/5373117 – This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic applications of rosemary extracts in traditional medicine, highlighting their medicinal importance and need for further clinical investigation.