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Rosemary Standardized Extract

Also known as: Rosemary, Rosemary Extract, Carnosic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Overview

Rosemary (*Rosmarinus officinalis L.*) is a fragrant evergreen herb native to the Mediterranean region, renowned for its culinary and medicinal uses. Enriched with polyphenolic compounds such as carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, rosemary exhibits a range of health benefits, particularly owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Available in various forms, including essential oils and standardized powders, rosemary extract has drawn attention for its potential in cancer prevention, cognitive enhancement, and metabolic health improvement. While numerous in vitro and animal studies exist, human clinical trials are limited but are expanding in scope, highlighting the herb's significance in traditional medicine alongside contemporary applications.

Benefits

Research highlights several evidence-based benefits of rosemary extract. Notably, it demonstrates anticancer properties; studies show inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, especially in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with IC50 values around 10-14 µg/mL for extracts with 25%-43% carnosic acid concentration. Cognitive enhancements have been documented, with systematic reviews indicating improvements in cognitive functions across various animal models. Additionally, rosemary's antioxidant potential contributes to food stability and reducing oxidative stress. Emerging animal studies also hint at possible antidiabetic effects, making it beneficial for those with metabolic disorders. Alzheimer’s patients may see the most significant benefits from rosemary extract usage due to its neuroprotective effects.

How it works

Rosemary extract functions through various biological mechanisms, primarily activating the Nrf2/sestrin-2 pathway, which bolsters antioxidant defenses. It also modulates the CHOP/GADD153 pathway and influences androgen receptor activity, enhancing its anticancer effects. Compounds like carnosic and rosmarinic acids target molecular pathways related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, contributing to reduced oxidative stress and improved cognitive performance. The efficacy of these compounds can vary based on extraction methods, with bioavailability playing a crucial role in their overall impact.

Side effects

Rosemary extract is typically safe for moderate consumption, though some may experience gastrointestinal discomfort or rare allergic reactions. High doses can trigger severe side effects, including seizures. Individuals on anticoagulants or diabetes medications should exercise caution due to potential interactions linked to rosemary's biological effects. Pregnant or breastfeeding women and individuals with epilepsy or on specific medications must consult healthcare providers before use. Significant side effects are uncommon, but adherence to recommended dosages is essential to mitigate risks and ensure safety.

Dosage

Dosage recommendations for rosemary extract vary by intended use. For cognitive enhancement, studies in animals suggest effective dosages of 10 to 100 mg/kg body weight per day. Extracts standardized to contain 25%-43% carnosic acid are preferred for optimal anticancer and antioxidant effects. Although no definitive maximum safe dosage exists, it is advisable to limit intake to under 1 gram per day to avoid adverse effects. Consistent daily dosing, particularly with more stable aqueous extracts, is advised to maximize benefits, with formulation considerations critical for enhancing bioavailability.

FAQs

Is rosemary extract safe to use?

Rosemary extract is generally safe when consumed in moderate amounts, but high doses may pose risks, particularly for those on certain medications.

How should I take rosemary extract?

Consistent daily dosing is recommended. Specific timing has not been established as optimal.

What health benefits can rosemary extract provide?

Rosemary extract may offer anticancer, antioxidant, and cognitive enhancement benefits, although human studies are still needed to confirm these effects.

Can rosemary extract cure diseases?

Rosemary extract is not a cure for any specific disease but may provide complementary health benefits.

Research Sources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5564495/ – This systematic review discusses rosemary's health benefits, particularly its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with its potential for cognitive enhancement and anticancer effects, summarizing findings from various in vitro and animal studies.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6513326/ – This research article explores how carnosic acid, a key component of rosemary, interacts with cellular pathways to exert neuroprotective effects and reduce oxidative stress, indicating potential therapeutic implications for cognitive decline.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096194341100043X – This meta-analysis reviews the effects of herbal extracts on cancer cell line proliferation, with specific reference to rosemary extract's effectiveness against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its bioactive components.