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Sacha Inchi seed

Also known as: Sacha Inchi, Inca peanut, Sacha peanut, Plukenetia volubilis

Overview

Sacha Inchi, scientifically known as *Plukenetia volubilis*, is a plant native to the Amazon region, traditionally valued for its seeds. These seeds are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid), and provide high-quality plant protein with a comprehensive amino acid profile. Classified as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical, Sacha Inchi is primarily used as a nutritional supplement. Its potential benefits include supporting cardiovascular health, improving lipid metabolism, modulating the immune system, and promoting gut health. While research is still emerging, studies, including recent systematic reviews and experimental trials, highlight its chemical composition and biological effects. The evidence quality is considered moderate, with some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and animal studies available, and a growing body of systematic reviews focusing on its clinical outcomes.

Benefits

Sacha Inchi offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily due to its unique nutritional composition. For cardiovascular and lipid metabolism, Sacha Inchi oil (SIO) has been shown to improve postprandial lipid profiles and reduce inflammation following high-fat meals, suggesting a potential role in lowering cardiovascular disease risk. These effects can vary based on an individual's metabolic status. Regarding gut health, Sacha Inchi protein (SIP) has demonstrated the ability to modulate gut microbiota composition in animal models, specifically decreasing harmful bacteria like *Actinobacteriota* and increasing beneficial ones such as *Faecalibaculum*. This modulation is linked to favorable changes in fecal metabolites involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, components like Sacha Inchi soluble dietary fiber and albumin peptides exhibit immune-modulating properties by stimulating macrophage proliferation and phagocytic activity, indicating potential immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects that could be relevant for autoimmune conditions. Nutritionally, the seeds are notable for their high fiber content (14.5–22.2 g/100 g), significant arginine content (approximately 23% of total amino acids), and a highly favorable fatty acid profile.

How it works

Sacha Inchi exerts its effects through several mechanisms. Its high content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is crucial for modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways, leading to improved lipid profiles and reduced postprandial inflammation. Sacha Inchi protein (SIP) influences gut health by altering the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, which in turn affects fecal metabolite profiles related to lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. The immune-modulating effects are primarily mediated by the stimulation of macrophage activity and proliferation, enhancing phagocytosis and potentially modulating inflammatory responses. Additionally, bioactive peptides and dietary fibers present in Sacha Inchi interact with immune cells and gut microbiota, contributing to its systemic health benefits.

Side effects

Overall, Sacha Inchi seed and oil are considered safe for consumption, with no significant adverse effects reported in the reviewed studies. Current literature indicates that no common or serious side effects (defined as occurring in more than 5% of participants) have been documented in human clinical trials or animal studies. Furthermore, there are no significant drug interactions or contraindications reported for Sacha Inchi. While the general safety profile appears favorable, it is important to note that special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, children, or those with pre-existing medical conditions, have not been extensively studied. Therefore, caution is advised for these groups until more comprehensive data become available. Users should always consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating new supplements, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Dosage

Specific dosing guidelines for Sacha Inchi are not yet well-established due to the limited number of comprehensive clinical trials. Studies involving Sacha Inchi oil (SIO) typically use amounts consistent with general dietary supplementation, though exact doses vary significantly between research protocols. For protein and fiber extracts, dosages tested in animal models range from hundreds to thousands of milligrams per kilogram of body weight; however, human equivalent doses require further clarification and validation. Optimal dosing should consider the individual's metabolic status, specific health goals, and the form of the supplement (e.g., oil, protein powder, fiber extract). As research progresses, more precise recommendations may emerge. Currently, it is advisable to follow product-specific instructions or consult with a healthcare professional to determine an appropriate and safe dosage.

FAQs

Is Sacha Inchi effective for cardiovascular health?

Yes, evidence suggests Sacha Inchi oil can improve lipid metabolism and reduce inflammation after meals, potentially benefiting cardiovascular risk factors.

Can Sacha Inchi improve gut health?

Yes, studies in animal models indicate that Sacha Inchi protein can favorably modulate gut microbiota composition, supporting gut health.

Is Sacha Inchi safe to consume?

Current research indicates a good safety profile for Sacha Inchi, with no major side effects reported in human or animal studies.

How soon can I expect to see benefits from Sacha Inchi?

Effects on postprandial lipids can be observed acutely, while benefits related to gut microbiota modulation and immune effects may require longer-term, consistent intake.

Research Sources

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2023.2276882 – This review summarizes the impact of various extraction methods on the chemical composition, fiber content, and oil yield of Sacha Inchi, highlighting the nutritional variability based on the origin of the seeds. It provides a comprehensive overview of the compositional aspects but does not focus on clinical outcomes.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10959099/ – This animal study (RCT) in mice demonstrated that Sacha Inchi protein altered gut microbiota composition, increasing beneficial bacteria and modulating fecal metabolites related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. The study provides strong preclinical evidence for gut health benefits.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfbc.12703 – This human RCT showed that Sacha Inchi oil improved lipid and inflammation responses after a high-fat meal, with effects dependent on the individual's metabolic status. It provides good evidence for acute metabolic benefits in humans.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1481272/full – This review discusses how components of Sacha Inchi stimulate macrophage activity, enhance immunity, and possess anti-inflammatory potential, with implications for autoimmune diseases. The findings are primarily based on in vitro and animal data, suggesting promising but preliminary immune-modulating effects.