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Sambucus nigra 3X

Also known as: Black Elderberry, Elderberry, Sambucus nigra 3X, Sambucus nigra

Overview

*Sambucus nigra*, or Black Elderberry, is a plant native to Europe and North Africa, known for its berries, flowers, and leaves. It is traditionally used to treat cold and flu symptoms. The primary uses include reducing upper respiratory symptoms and potentially offering antiviral effects. The research maturity level is moderate, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses available. However, the quality of evidence varies, with some studies having small sample sizes or potential conflicts of interest.

Benefits

Black Elderberry supplementation has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms, such as those associated with the common cold and influenza. A meta-analysis found a large mean effect size (ES = 1.717) in reducing these symptoms. There is some evidence suggesting antimicrobial and antiviral activities, which may contribute to its benefits in respiratory infections. The effects appear consistent across vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. The effect size is substantial, indicating a clinically significant reduction in symptoms. Benefits are typically observed within a few days of supplementation onset.

How it works

Elderberry extracts contain flavonoids and other compounds that may inhibit viral replication and enhance immune response. It interacts with the immune system by stimulating cytokine production and potentially inhibiting viral entry into host cells. Specific flavonoids in elderberry extracts have been identified as binding to influenza virus particles, preventing infection. The bioavailability of elderberry compounds is not well-studied, but they are generally considered to be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Side effects

Generally considered safe when consumed in recommended doses. Gastrointestinal upset may occur in some individuals. Allergic reactions are possible but rare; severe allergic reactions are extremely rare. Potential interactions with diabetes medications due to its potential effects on blood sugar levels. Raw or unripe berries, leaves, and stems should be avoided due to toxicity. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use.

Dosage

The typical minimum effective dose is around 500-1000 mg per day of standardized extract, with an optimal dosage range of 500-1500 mg per day. While the maximum safe dose is not well-defined, doses above 1500 mg per day are not commonly recommended. It is best taken at the onset of symptoms. Capsules or syrups are common forms. Bioavailability may be enhanced with food. No specific cofactors are identified as required.

FAQs

When and how should I use it?

It is best used at the onset of cold or flu symptoms to reduce symptom duration and severity. It is not a cure for viral infections but may help alleviate symptoms.

Is it safe?

Raw parts of the plant should be avoided due to toxicity. Take as directed, ideally with food. Consult a healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

What results can I expect?

Expect reduced symptom duration and severity. It is not a cure for viral infections but may help alleviate symptoms.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/ – This meta-analysis included 180 participants and found that elderberry supplementation significantly reduced upper respiratory symptoms, with a large mean effect size (ES = 1.717). The study used a random effects model due to heterogeneity among studies.
https://magistralbr.caldic.com/storage/product-files/1899087739.pdf – A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 312 participants found that elderberry supplementation reduced cold duration and symptoms in air travelers.
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/488 – This study demonstrated the antiviral activity of elderberry extracts against influenza viruses in vitro. However, it was not a clinical trial but rather an in vitro study.
https://accurateclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Black-Elderberry-Sambucus-Nigra-Supplementation-Effectively-Treats-Upper-Respiratory-Symptoms-A-Meta-Analysis-of-Randomized-Controlled-Clinical-Trials-2019-1.pdf – A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicated that black elderberry supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1410854/full – This research explores the potential of elderberry in pharmacology.