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Sambucus nigra 3X HPUS

Also known as: Sambucus nigra, Black elderberry, European elder, Elderflower, Elderberry extract, Elderflower extract

Overview

Sambucus nigra, commonly known as black elderberry, is a shrub native to Europe, parts of Asia, and Africa. Both its berries and flowers have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, and modern herbal medicine primarily utilizes it for immune support, especially for upper respiratory infections like the common cold and influenza. The plant contains bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and flavonoids, believed to contribute to its immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. Research on Sambucus nigra is considered moderate, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews available, although more high-quality studies are needed for definitive conclusions. It is available in various forms, including syrups, capsules, lozenges, and teas, with standardized extracts being the most commonly studied in clinical trials. While the 3X HPUS form is a homeopathic dilution, most clinical evidence supports the use of concentrated extracts.

Benefits

Meta-analyses and systematic reviews suggest that Sambucus nigra supplementation can reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms. A meta-analysis, for example, found that elderberry supplementation significantly reduced symptom duration compared to placebo (weighted mean difference: -2.86 days, 95% CI: -4.94 to -0.78). Some evidence also points to potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, although these are less substantiated in clinical trials. Benefits are primarily observed in adults and children with upper respiratory infections, with effects typically noticeable within 2–4 days of symptom onset when supplementation is started early. The effect size for symptom reduction is considered moderate and clinically relevant, particularly for early intervention in viral infections.

How it works

Sambucus nigra exerts its effects primarily through immunomodulation and direct antiviral activity. It is believed to increase cytokine production, thereby enhancing the body's immune response. Additionally, it exhibits antiviral properties against influenza and other respiratory viruses by inhibiting viral entry and replication. The bioactive compounds in elderberry interact with the immune system and may also have mild anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The bioavailability of anthocyanins and flavonoids is moderate, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within a few hours of ingestion.

Side effects

Sambucus nigra is generally well-tolerated in clinical studies. Common side effects are rare, with most studies reporting no significant adverse events. Uncommon side effects, occurring in 1-5% of users, may include mild gastrointestinal upset. Allergic reactions are rare, occurring in less than 1% of users. No significant drug interactions have been reported in clinical studies, but caution is advised when using immunosuppressants due to the potential immunomodulatory effects of elderberry. It is contraindicated in individuals with known allergies to Sambucus species. Limited data are available for pregnant or breastfeeding women, so use with caution in these populations.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of Sambucus nigra is not well-established, but most clinical trials use proprietary extracts equivalent to 15–60 mL of elderberry syrup or 300–600 mg of extract per day. Optimal dosage ranges are typically 15–60 mL syrup or 300–600 mg extract daily, divided into 2–4 doses. Doses up to 1200 mg/day have been used in short-term studies without adverse effects, but the maximum safe dose is not well-defined. It is most effective when started within 24–48 hours of symptom onset. Syrups and standardized extracts are the most commonly studied forms. Taking it with food may enhance the absorption of flavonoids.

FAQs

When is the best time to take elderberry?

Elderberry is most effective when taken at the first sign of upper respiratory symptoms. Start supplementation as soon as possible after symptom onset for maximal benefit.

Is elderberry safe for long-term use?

Elderberry is generally safe for short-term use. However, long-term safety data are limited, so it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for extended use.

How should I take elderberry for the best results?

Take elderberry at the onset of symptoms, divided into multiple doses throughout the day. Follow the dosage recommendations on the product label or as advised by a healthcare professional.

What results can I expect from taking elderberry?

Elderberry may help reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms, particularly for colds and flu. It is not a cure for viral infections but can alleviate symptoms.

Is elderberry a cure for viral infections?

No, elderberry is not a cure for viral infections. It may help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, but it does not eliminate the virus from the body.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24409980/ – This systematic review assesses the safety and efficacy of elderberry and elderflower extracts. It concludes that these extracts are generally safe and may reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms, supported by moderate evidence from RCTs. The review highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes and standardized dosages to confirm these findings.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/4/182 – This paper discusses the immunomodulatory activities of elderberry anthocyanins. It suggests that elderberry can modulate the immune system, potentially enhancing the body's response to infections. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the specific mechanisms by which elderberry components interact with immune cells and pathways.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/15718/ – This resource provides information on the health benefits of elderberry. It highlights the potential of elderberry to reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms. The information presented is based on a compilation of clinical trials and expert opinions, suggesting a generally positive outlook on elderberry's efficacy.
https://sambucol-phiz.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2009-Vlachojannis-JE-2009-Sambucus-Elderberry-effect-Systematic-review.pdf – This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of proprietary elderberry products in reducing influenza symptoms when taken early. The review concludes that there is moderate evidence supporting the use of these products and that they are generally well-tolerated. The authors note the need for more high-quality RCTs to strengthen the evidence base.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30670267/ – This meta-analysis examines the effect of elderberry supplementation on upper respiratory symptoms. It finds that elderberry significantly reduces the duration of these symptoms, with a weighted mean difference of -2.86 days (95% CI: -4.94 to -0.78). The analysis is based on data from four RCTs and highlights the potential of elderberry as a natural remedy for respiratory infections.