Saponins Equivalent to 750 mg of Tribulus Terrestris Powder
Also known as: Tribulus terrestris L., Puncture vine, Goat's head, Bindii, Tribulus terrestris
Overview
Tribulus terrestris is a plant extract, particularly when standardized to its saponin content, used as a dietary supplement. A dose of 'Saponins Equivalent to 750 mg of Tribulus Terrestris Powder' refers to a dose standardized to the saponin fraction, which is believed to be responsible for the plant's biological effects. Tribulus is primarily used to enhance sexual function, fertility, and athletic performance. It contains steroidal saponins, which are hypothesized to influence androgenic activity. Research on Tribulus terrestris is moderately mature, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews/meta-analyses available. However, the quality of evidence is often limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity. The evidence base is evolving, with some promising but inconclusive results. It is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and powders, derived from the fruit, leaf, or root of the plant.
Benefits
Tribulus terrestris supplementation may improve sexual function scores in both men and women, including those with sexual dysfunction. A systematic review including 5 RCTs with 279 women showed significant improvements in sexual function scores after 1 to 3 months of treatment, with an increase in serum testosterone in premenopausal women (though evidence certainty was very low). Meta-analyses in men suggest improvements in erectile function and libido, but with variable effect sizes and inconsistent testosterone changes. Some studies report modest increases in serum testosterone, particularly in women, but findings are inconsistent in men. Limited evidence from RCTs shows no significant improvements in athletic performance or body composition. Meta-analyses suggest potential profertility and aphrodisiac effects, but data are limited and heterogeneous. Overall, the effect sizes are modest, and clinical significance is uncertain due to low to moderate quality evidence and small sample sizes.
How it works
The primary bioactive compounds in Tribulus terrestris are steroidal saponins, especially protodioscin, which are thought to modulate androgen receptors and indirectly increase endogenous testosterone production. Proposed mechanisms include stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, enhancing testosterone synthesis, and improving nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, which may enhance erectile function. The absorption and bioavailability of saponins vary; saponins are poorly absorbed but may exert effects via metabolites or gut microbiota interactions. These mechanisms are still under investigation, and the exact pathways are not fully understood.
Side effects
Tribulus terrestris supplementation is generally considered safe, with no serious adverse events reported in clinical trials lasting up to 3 months. Common side effects are rare and mild, including gastrointestinal discomfort. No significant drug interactions or contraindications have been firmly established, but caution is advised in patients with hormone-sensitive conditions due to potential androgenic effects. Due to limited safety data, special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, should avoid Tribulus terrestris. It is important to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if they occur. Long-term safety data are lacking, so prolonged use should be approached with caution.
Dosage
The dose equivalent to 750 mg of Tribulus terrestris powder standardized to saponins is within the commonly studied range. Clinical trials have used doses ranging from 250 mg to 1500 mg daily of standardized extracts. Optimal dosing is not well established; a 750 mg standardized dose is typical for sexual function studies. It is generally administered orally on a daily basis, and no specific timing relative to meals is critical. Individual needs and tolerances may vary, so it is advisable to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it as needed. Exceeding the recommended dosage is not advised due to the potential for increased side effects.
FAQs
Does Tribulus terrestris increase testosterone?
Evidence suggests possible modest increases, especially in women, but results are inconsistent in men. The clinical significance of these changes remains uncertain.
Is it effective for erectile dysfunction?
Some RCTs and meta-analyses show improvement in erectile function scores, but effects vary. More high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings.
Are there safety concerns?
Generally safe with mild side effects; long-term safety data are lacking. Consult with a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
How long before effects appear?
Benefits in sexual function have been reported after 1 to 3 months of supplementation. Individual responses may vary.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40219032/ – This systematic review evaluated the effects of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on erectile function and testosterone levels in men. The review included multiple RCTs with adequate controls and found some improvement in sexual function but inconsistent changes in testosterone levels. The limitations of the review include heterogeneity and small sample sizes.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/7/1275 – This systematic review analyzed the effects of Tribulus terrestris on erectile function and serum testosterone. The review confirmed modest benefits on sexual function, but the effects on testosterone were variable. The quality of evidence was moderate, and the authors noted the need for more large RCTs.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/rbgo/a/j9q637hwJbhZDWPb8syg83w/ – This systematic review included 5 RCTs (n=279) on women with sexual dysfunction. The review found significant improvements in sexual function scores and increased testosterone in premenopausal women after 1-3 months of supplementation. The certainty of evidence was very low due to risk of bias and heterogeneity, and no serious adverse events were reported.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3969 – This RCT examined the effects of 6-week supplementation with Tribulus terrestris on CrossFit athletes. The study showed no significant effects on body composition, hormonal response, or performance. The sample size was adequate, but the results were limited to an athletic population.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/7118431 – This meta-analysis suggested potential aphrodisiac and fertility benefits of Tribulus terrestris. However, the authors highlighted the need for more high-quality RCTs due to heterogeneity and small sample sizes in the included studies.
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