Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil
Also known as: Hippophae rhamnoides L., Sea buckthorn, Seaberry, Hippophae rhamnoides
Overview
Sea buckthorn (*Hippophae rhamnoides L.*) is a plant native to Europe and Asia, prized for its nutrient-rich berries. The oil extracted from the fruit and seeds is utilized as a dietary supplement. It is recognized for its potential benefits in cardiovascular health, skin conditions, and gastrointestinal well-being. The key characteristics of sea buckthorn oil include its high content of omega fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. Research on sea buckthorn is moderately mature, with an increasing number of studies exploring its health benefits. The quality of available evidence varies, with some high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, but also limitations such as heterogeneity in study results. It is available in various forms, primarily as oil extracted from the fruit or seeds, and is sourced directly from the sea buckthorn plant.
Benefits
Sea buckthorn supplementation has demonstrated several evidence-based benefits, particularly in lipid metabolism. Meta-analyses have shown significant reductions in triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, along with increases in HDL cholesterol, suggesting a positive impact on cardiovascular health. Specifically, one meta-analysis reported significant reductions in triglycerides [-0.722 (-1.129, -0.316); p < .001] and LDL cholesterol [-0.396 (-0.755, -0.037); p = .031]. Furthermore, seabuckthorn seed oil has been shown to normalize blood pressure in hypertensive subjects and reduce overall cardiovascular risk factors. Secondary benefits include improved circulatory antioxidant status and potential amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating gut microbiota, as indicated by animal studies. The effects are more pronounced in individuals with abnormal lipid metabolism, with benefits typically observed within 30 days of supplementation.
How it works
Sea buckthorn exerts its effects primarily by modulating lipid metabolism through the actions of its omega fatty acids and antioxidants. These components interact with various lipid metabolism pathways, influencing the levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. The unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants present in sea buckthorn oil interact with lipid metabolism pathways. It affects cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. While generally well-absorbed, specific bioavailability data remains limited. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the absorption and bioavailability characteristics of sea buckthorn oil.
Side effects
Sea buckthorn is generally considered safe for consumption, but more data is needed on long-term use. Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, although these are not extensively documented. Uncommon side effects may include allergic reactions, though these are rare. Potential drug interactions exist, particularly with anticoagulants, due to the presence of omega fatty acids. Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Caution is advised in individuals with bleeding disorders. It is important to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if they occur. Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking medications should consult with a healthcare provider before using sea buckthorn supplements.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of seabuckthorn seed oil is typically around 0.75 ml per day. Optimal dosage ranges are not well-established, necessitating further research. There are no specific timing recommendations for sea buckthorn supplementation. Oil forms are more extensively studied than other forms. Fat-soluble vitamins may enhance absorption. The maximum safe dose is not defined, and caution is advised beyond recommended doses. Due to limited research, it is recommended to start with a low dose and gradually increase as tolerated. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage based on individual needs and health status.
FAQs
Is sea buckthorn safe to use?
Sea buckthorn is generally safe, but monitor for gastrointestinal upset. Consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or pre-existing conditions.
When is the best time to take sea buckthorn?
No specific timing is recommended; take with meals if gastrointestinal upset occurs. Consistency in timing is generally advisable for any supplement.
What results can I expect from taking sea buckthorn?
You may experience improved lipid profiles and potential cardiovascular benefits. Individual results can vary, and it's not a substitute for medical treatment.
Can sea buckthorn replace my medications?
No, sea buckthorn is not a substitute for medical treatment. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you are currently taking medications.
Are there any side effects?
Some people may experience gastrointestinal upset. If you notice any adverse effects, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36043374/ – This meta-analysis of RCTs, involving subjects with and without metabolic syndrome, found that sea buckthorn reduces triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, while increasing HDL cholesterol. However, it had no effect on blood glucose, blood pressure, or BMI. The study's quality was moderate due to high heterogeneity among the included studies.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27522605/ – This randomized controlled trial involving 32 normal and 74 hypertensive subjects showed that seabuckthorn seed oil normalized blood pressure in hypertensive subjects and reduced cholesterol and triglycerides. The study had a good quality assessment for its specific outcomes, but was limited by a small sample size for some outcomes.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.7596 – This citation refers to a study, likely a review or meta-analysis, examining the effects of sea buckthorn on lipid profiles. The study likely contributes to the evidence base supporting sea buckthorn's benefits on cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as mentioned in the benefits section.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1067813/full – This animal study involving sixty C57BL/6J mice found that sea buckthorn pulp oil reduced visceral fat and improved lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbiota. While the study provides valuable insights, it is limited by being an animal model, necessitating further human studies to confirm these findings.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/10/1985 – This citation likely refers to a study that investigates the properties and potential health benefits of sea buckthorn. It may provide additional information on the antioxidant properties, fatty acid composition, or other bioactive compounds present in sea buckthorn, contributing to the overall understanding of its mechanisms of action.