Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil Extract
Also known as: Sea buckthorn, Seaberry, Sandthorn, *Hippophae rhamnoides L.*
Overview
Sea buckthorn fruit oil extract is derived from the fruit and seeds of the *Hippophae rhamnoides L.* plant. This oil is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), carotenoids, tocopherols, and plant sterols. It is commonly used in dietary supplements, cosmetics, and traditional medicine due to its potential benefits in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and skin health. The extraction can yield different oils based on the source, with seed oil being high in PUFAs and pulp oil containing more MUFAs and carotenoids. Currently, research is ongoing, with a mix of preliminary studies and meta-analyses indicating various health effects, although more high-quality clinical trials are needed to substantiate its claims.
Benefits
Sea buckthorn oil has shown several key benefits, particularly in lipid profile regulation. A significant meta-analysis reported reductions in triglycerides (-0.722), total cholesterol (-0.345), and LDL cholesterol (-0.396), while increasing HDL cholesterol (0.370) in subjects with abnormal lipid metabolism, suggesting strong evidence for its efficacy in improving lipid profiles. Additionally, sea buckthorn pulp oil has been indicated to ameliorate metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have also been suggested but these findings primarily stem from in vitro and animal studies. The most pronounced benefits appear to be in populations with dyslipidemia rather than the general populace, indicating clinical significance.
How it works
Sea buckthorn oil primarily influences lipid metabolism by regulating blood lipid levels. Its rich content of carotenoids and tocopherols may contribute to its antioxidant effects. The oil is believed to enhance insulin sensitivity via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, although this mechanism is supported mainly by in vitro research. Additionally, it interacts with the cardiovascular system by improving lipid profiles and may support gastrointestinal health through its use in traditional medicine.
Side effects
Sea buckthorn oil is generally considered safe for most individuals when used as directed. While there is limited data on its long-term safety, studies have indicated it is well-tolerated without significant adverse effects reported. Common side effects are not well-documented, with no adverse effects observed in more than 5% of users. Uncommon and rare side effects have not been noted in peer-reviewed literature. No significant drug interactions are established, although those on other medications should approach use with caution. Individuals with allergies to the plant or its components should refrain from its use, and pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to consult healthcare providers before usage to ensure safety due to the absence of substantial safety data.
Dosage
The effective dosage for sea buckthorn oil varies, with studies suggesting a range from a few hundred milligrams to several grams per day. Optimal dosages typically fall between 500 mg and 3 grams per day, depending on the specific formulation (seed oil vs. pulp oil) and intended health benefits. There is no established maximum safe dose, though caution is warranted with higher doses. While no specific timing is mandated, taking the oil with meals may enhance its absorption due to the presence of lipophilic compounds. The choice of oil type (seed vs. pulp) should align with the desired fatty acid composition and bioactive compound profile, and consumption with a meal that contains fats may support optimal bioavailability.
FAQs
How to choose between seed oil and pulp oil?
The choice depends on desired fatty acid profiles; seed oil is high in PUFAs, while pulp oil is rich in MUFAs and carotenoids.
Is sea buckthorn oil safe for long-term use?
While generally considered safe, long-term effects are less studied, so caution is advised.
When should I take sea buckthorn oil?
It can be taken with meals to enhance absorption, but there is no strict timing recommendation.
What can I expect from taking sea buckthorn oil?
Users may experience improvements in lipid profiles; effects can vary by individual.
Does sea buckthorn oil help with blood sugar control?
Current evidence suggests it does not significantly affect blood sugar levels in the general population.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36043374/ – A meta-analysis encompassing 15 studies revealed that sea buckthorn supplementation led to significant reductions in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, along with increased HDL cholesterol in subjects suffering from lipid metabolism disorders.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1067813/full – An animal study indicated that sea buckthorn pulp oil improved lipid metabolism and alleviated metabolic issues such as NAFLD and dyslipidemia over several weeks of treatment.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/10/1985 – Research on various cell lines and animal models demonstrated that sea buckthorn extracts possess antioxidant properties and may inhibit α-glucosidase, suggesting a potential role in enhancing antioxidant defenses.