Seville Orange Fruit Extract
Also known as: Seville orange, Bitter orange, *Citrus aurantium*
Overview
Seville orange, scientifically known as *Citrus aurantium*, is a citrus fruit recognized for its sourness and utilized as a dietary supplement. It primarily contains p-synephrine, a compound believed to affect metabolism and energy levels. Traditionally, this fruit has been used in various forms of medicine, notably for weight management and increasing energy. While some clinical studies suggest its effectiveness in promoting modest weight loss and enhancing energy expenditure, the overall quality of evidence is variable, necessitating further research to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy. Seville orange is available in several forms, including extracts and capsules, which are commonly incorporated into weight loss supplements.
Benefits
Research indicates that Seville orange extract can promote modest weight loss and increase resting metabolic rates. For instance, one study documented a 6.9% boost in resting metabolic rate among participants using bitter orange extract. Additionally, individuals who combine this supplement with dietary management and exercise may experience more pronounced effects. However, the benefits tend to vary, with small to moderate effect sizes noted. The time course for observable results generally extends over weeks to months, emphasizing the necessity for adherence to supplementation alongside lifestyle changes for optimal outcomes.
How it works
The primary mechanism of action of Seville orange extract is attributed to p-synephrine, a sympathomimetic agent that stimulates adrenergic receptors. This activity may raise metabolism and energy expenditure by targeting systemic pathways involving the nervous and cardiovascular systems, specifically by activating beta-3 adrenergic receptors linked to fat metabolism. Limited data exist regarding its bioavailability, suggesting individual responses may vary based on formulation and personal metabolic factors.
Side effects
Seville orange extract is generally recognized as safe for short-term usage; however, comprehensive long-term safety profiles are presently lacking. Common side effects reported include headaches, nausea, and jitteriness, while uncommon effects might involve marginal increases in heart rate and blood pressure, although these remain clinically insignificant. The extract can potentially interact negatively with medications, particularly those addressing hypertension, and caution is advised for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions like severe hypertension or tachyarrhythmias. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also approach usage cautiously due to insufficient data on safety during these stages.
Dosage
While the minimum effective dose for Seville orange extract is not firmly established, most products typically contain 10-50 mg of p-synephrine. Optimal dosages tend to vary, particularly as this extract often forms part of multi-ingredient weight loss supplements. Although maximum safe doses are not clearly defined, it is prudent to adhere to the recommended doses outlined on supplement labels. The extract is usually ingested before meals or workouts, and its absorption may be influenced by food intake and diverge among individuals. Currently, no specific cofactors are required for optimal efficacy.
FAQs
How should I use Seville orange for weight loss?
For best results, combine Seville orange extract with diet and exercise, as this may enhance weight loss benefits.
Is Seville orange safe for everyone?
Monitor your heart rate and blood pressure, especially if you have cardiovascular issues; consult a healthcare provider before use.
When is the best time to take it?
It is typically taken as directed on the supplement label, often before meals or workouts.
What results can I expect?
Users may experience modest weight loss and increased energy over several weeks, but results can vary.
Can I rely on Seville orange alone for weight loss?
No, it should not be seen as a substitute for a healthy diet and exercise; efficacy may vary among individuals.
Research Sources
- https://primerascientific.com/psmph/volume-1--issue-1 – A randomized controlled trial involving 40 subjects demonstrated increased resting metabolic rate attributed to p-synephrine, but it was limited by its short duration and needs for further investigation.
- https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/82/9/1292/7272715?login=false – A meta-analysis reviewing various studies on citrus fruits indicated that consumption may correlate with reduced body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Although beneficial, results may not specifically reflect the efficacy of Seville orange extract.