Sophora Japonica Fruit Extract
Also known as: Japanese pagoda tree, Chinese scholar tree, Huaihua, Sophora japonica fruit extract, Sophora japonica L.
Overview
Sophora japonica fruit extract is derived from the flower and fruit of the Sophora japonica tree, a plant widely utilized in traditional Asian medicine. This extract is notably rich in flavonoids, particularly quercetin and its derivatives, which are well-regarded for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its primary applications in modern supplementation include supporting cognitive function, promoting cardiovascular health (especially blood pressure regulation), and leveraging its broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. While extensive preclinical studies exist, and clinical trials are beginning to emerge, systematic reviews specifically on the whole S. japonica extract are limited. However, quercetin, its major active constituent, has been more thoroughly reviewed. The evidence quality varies, with some well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) available, but more large-scale human clinical trials are needed to definitively confirm its efficacy and safety.
Benefits
Sophora japonica fruit extract offers several evidence-based and potential benefits, primarily due to its high flavonoid content, especially quercetin. For cognitive function, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is currently underway, investigating 1,250 mg daily for 8 weeks to improve short-term memory and attention in adults with subjective memory complaints. While results are pending, preclinical data are promising. In cardiovascular health, quercetin dihydrate, a key component, has demonstrated significant blood pressure-lowering effects in meta-analyses of RCTs, showing reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The extract also exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, supported by extensive phytochemical and pharmacological reviews of the Sophora genus, which is rich in various bioactive compounds. These effects are crucial for combating oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, preclinical data suggest other potential benefits, including anticancer, antiviral, and metabolic effects, though these require further rigorous clinical validation.
How it works
The therapeutic actions of Sophora japonica fruit extract are primarily attributed to its rich content of flavonoids, with quercetin being the most prominent bioactive compound. Quercetin functions as a potent free radical scavenger, effectively reducing oxidative stress and mitigating inflammation throughout the body. It achieves this by modulating various cellular signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK, which are critical in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of oxidative damage. Furthermore, quercetin may contribute to cardiovascular benefits by improving endothelial function, which is vital for healthy blood vessel operation. The dihydrate form of quercetin, commonly found in Sophora japonica extracts, is particularly noteworthy for its enhanced bioavailability, meaning it is more readily absorbed and utilized by the body compared to other forms of quercetin.
Side effects
Sophora japonica extract and its primary active compound, quercetin, are generally considered safe when consumed at typical supplemental doses. Adverse effects are rare, but some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort. While no significant drug interactions have been conclusively reported, caution is advised for individuals taking anticoagulant medications due to quercetin's potential antiplatelet effects, which could theoretically increase the risk of bleeding. Specific contraindications, especially concerning use during pregnancy, lactation, or in individuals with severe hepatic or renal impairment, are not well-established. Therefore, these populations should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before use. As with any supplement, it is prudent to start with a lower dose to assess tolerance and to discontinue use if adverse reactions occur.
Dosage
For cognitive support, ongoing clinical trials utilize a dosage of 1,250 mg of Sophora japonica extract daily. When focusing on cardiovascular benefits, studies involving quercetin supplementation, particularly the dihydrate form, often recommend dosages ranging from 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day. The optimal dosage can vary depending on the specific extract's standardization and the bioavailability of its active compounds; the dihydrate form of quercetin is generally preferred due to its superior absorption. While specific timing is not strictly defined, taking the supplement with meals may enhance absorption. Some research suggests that co-administration with vitamin C could further improve quercetin's bioavailability. There are no established upper limits for Sophora japonica extract, but adherence to recommended dosages is advised.
FAQs
Is Sophora japonica extract effective for memory?
Preliminary clinical trials are currently underway to assess its effectiveness for memory improvement. While preclinical data are promising, definitive published results from human trials are not yet available.
Is it safe?
Generally, yes, it is considered safe with a low incidence of mild side effects. However, if you are taking blood thinners, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider due to potential interactions.
How fast do benefits appear?
Clinical trials typically run for 6–8 weeks. Antioxidant and blood pressure-lowering effects may become noticeable within a few weeks of consistent supplementation.
Is quercetin the main active?
Yes, quercetin is considered the principal bioactive flavonoid in Sophora japonica extract, responsible for many of its observed health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11656060/ – This source describes the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of 1,250 mg/day of Sophora japonica extract on cognitive function in adults with subjective memory complaints. The study aims to assess improvements in short-term memory and attention over 8 weeks, providing a high-quality design for future efficacy and safety data.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8671057/ – This comprehensive review identifies a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds within the Sophora genus, highlighting their diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. It serves as an authoritative overview of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties supporting the traditional uses of Sophora species.
- https://vitaactives.com/flavipure-quercetin-dihydrate-ex-sophora-japonica-powder-extract – This source, while not a direct research paper, references the efficacy of quercetin dihydrate extracted from Sophora japonica. It supports the claim that this form of quercetin significantly lowers blood pressure with a good safety profile, drawing on findings from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, indicating high-quality evidence for its cardiovascular benefits.
- https://www.benthamdirect.com/content/journals/npj/10.2174/0122103155271056230927105208 – This review article summarizes the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Sophora japonica. It provides a recent and comprehensive overview that supports both the traditional applications and the experimental evidence for the plant's various health benefits, reinforcing its potential as a therapeutic agent.