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Spikenard Root Extract

Also known as: Spikenard, Indian spikenard, Spikenard root extract, Nardostachys jatamansi

Overview

Spikenard root extract is derived from the rhizome of *Nardostachys jatamansi*, a perennial herb native to the Himalayan region. It has a long history of use in traditional Ayurvedic and Tibetan medicine, primarily for its purported neurological, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties. Key applications include neuroprotection, anticonvulsant effects, anti-anxiety, and sleep improvement. Emerging research also suggests potential metabolic benefits, such as anti-diabetic activity. While preclinical studies, particularly in vitro and animal models, show promising results, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans are limited. The evidence base is moderately mature for preclinical findings but requires further human clinical validation.

Benefits

Spikenard root extract exhibits several potential benefits, primarily supported by preclinical research and traditional use. It shows neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects, with animal studies indicating an increased seizure threshold and potential enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. This suggests a role in stabilizing neuronal excitability. Traditional use and some formulations suggest anti-anxiety and sleep-improving properties, though direct, high-quality clinical evidence for these effects is currently lacking. Furthermore, spikenard extract demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, with in vitro studies showing antibacterial and antifungal properties with low cytotoxicity, indicating potential for topical applications. Preclinical studies also point to anti-diabetic effects, as it may improve insulin sensitivity, increase peripheral glucose uptake, and inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in animal models, contributing to blood sugar regulation. The strength of evidence for most benefits is moderate, primarily from in vitro and animal studies, with a need for human clinical trials.

How it works

The mechanism of action for spikenard root extract is thought to involve the modulation of neurotransmitter systems, particularly enhancing inhibitory pathways in the brain, which may contribute to its observed anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects. Its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties are likely due to bioactive compounds within the extract that interact with microbial membranes and inflammatory mediators. For its metabolic effects, spikenard may influence insulin signaling pathways and hepatic glucose metabolism. However, the precise biological pathways and interactions with human body systems are not yet fully characterized, and the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in humans remain poorly understood.

Side effects

The safety profile of spikenard root extract is not extensively documented in human clinical trials. In vitro studies have shown low cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cells, suggesting a favorable safety profile for topical or localized applications. However, there is a significant lack of high-quality human safety data, and no well-documented adverse effects or drug interactions have been reported in the limited clinical literature available. Traditional use suggests that spikenard is generally well-tolerated at typical doses. Due to the limited human data, caution is strongly advised. Individuals should consult healthcare providers before using spikenard root extract, especially if they are taking concurrent medications, as potential interactions cannot be ruled out. Specific risk factors or contraindications are not clearly defined due to insufficient research.

Dosage

There is no standardized dosing established for spikenard root extract from robust clinical trials. Dosage recommendations are primarily based on traditional use and formulations, which can vary significantly. Some traditional practices suggest sublingual administration, often in combination with other sedative herbs like valerian root, for stress relief and sleep improvement. Preclinical studies have utilized variable doses, such as 50 mg/kg in rats for anticonvulsant effects; however, human equivalent doses have not been defined or validated. Due to the lack of clinical data, specific timing considerations, different dosages for various purposes, and factors related to form and absorption are not well-established. Upper limits and safety thresholds for human consumption are also undefined, emphasizing the need for caution and professional guidance.

FAQs

Is spikenard effective for anxiety and sleep?

Traditional use and preclinical data suggest potential benefits for anxiety and sleep, but robust human clinical trials are currently lacking to confirm efficacy.

Is it safe to use with other medications?

No documented drug interactions exist, but due to limited human safety data, caution is warranted. Consult a healthcare provider before combining with medications.

How soon might effects appear?

Preclinical models show acute effects, but the time course for effects in humans is unknown due to a lack of clinical studies.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4919316/ – This in vitro study demonstrated that a polymer biocomposite incorporating spikenard extract exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against common pathogens, along with low cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cells. The findings suggest potential for spikenard in orthopedic or topical applications due to its antimicrobial properties and favorable safety profile in a lab setting.
https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2025/vol14issue2/PartG/14-2-84-949.pdf – This narrative review consolidates preclinical animal studies on *Nardostachys jatamansi*, highlighting its anticonvulsant effects in rats, including synergistic activity with phenytoin. It also discusses anti-diabetic effects observed through insulin sensitization. The review emphasizes the need for human clinical trials to validate these promising preclinical findings.
https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/cannabis-leaf-extract-valerian-root-extract-spikenard-root-extract-nut-grass-oil-sesame-oil – This source describes a formulation that includes spikenard root extract alongside other herbs like valerian root. It suggests that spikenard contributes to stress relief and sleep improvement when used in such combinations. However, it does not provide direct randomized controlled trial evidence specifically for spikenard's standalone efficacy.