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Standardized Bilberry Extract

Also known as: Bilberry, European Blueberry, *Vaccinium myrtillus L.*

Overview

Bilberry extract is obtained from the fruit of *Vaccinium myrtillus L.*, a shrub native to Europe. Known for its high content of anthocyanins, a class of powerful antioxidants, bilberry extract is utilized in various health applications, particularly in promoting eye health, mitigating oxidative stress, and aiding in the management of conditions like ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes. The most recognized standardized form is Mirtoselect®, which contains at least 36% anthocyanins and possesses a specific HPLC profile. Research on bilberry extract is extensive, featuring multiple controlled studies published in respected journals, demonstrating its potential health benefits backed by high-quality evidence including systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Benefits

Bilberry extract is primarily associated with several evidence-backed benefits. Research indicates significant improvements in dry eye symptoms, particularly evident in a randomized, double-blinded trial showing enhanced tear secretion (p = 0.019). It also exhibits potent antioxidant properties, as indicated by improvements in biological antioxidant potential (p = 0.003). Additionally, in type 2 diabetes patients, a single supplement effectively reduced postprandial glucose and insulin levels (p = 0.003 and p = 0.03, respectively). Secondary effects include improved outcomes in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, although benefits may cease after discontinuation. Notably, those suffering from dry eye and diabetes present the most pronounced positive responses.

How it works

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of bilberry extract's anthocyanins play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, beneficial in various health conditions. Although exact molecular targets are broadly defined, these compounds reportedly modulate pathways linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses within the ocular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic systems. Standardized extracts, such as Mirtoselect®, showcase superior bioavailability compared to non-standardized forms due to the synergistic effects of accompanying non-anthocyanin constituents.

Side effects

Bilberry extract is generally recognized as safe, with studies revealing no significant adverse effects reported. Common and uncommon side effects, even rare occurrences, have not been documented. While no significant drug interactions have been identified, caution is advisable when used alongside other medications pending further comprehensive interaction studies. No contraindications are specified for specific populations, including pregnant women or children, according to reviewed literature, marking bilberry extract as a low-risk supplement for the general population. Nonetheless, individual responses can vary, and medical advice is recommended during concurrent supplement medication usage.

Dosage

For the effective management of dry eye symptoms, a minimum anthocyanin dosage of approximately 136 mg/kg, as seen in Mirtoselect® formulations, is recommended. Optimal dosages vary for specific conditions: for ulcerative colitis, a daily intake of about 840 mg of anthocyanins was effective, while for type 2 diabetes, a single dose of 0.47 g of standardized extract was beneficial. Studies utilized daily doses without reporting adverse effects, maintaining safety in observed quantities. Consistent daily intake is suggested, with no specific timing provided. Standardized extracts are encouraged due to consistent composition and bioavailability considerations.

FAQs

Is bilberry extract safe?

Yes, bilberry extract is generally considered safe; however, it should be used under medical supervision if taken with other medications.

When is the best time to take bilberry extract?

There is no specific timing proven to be more effective; consistent daily intake is recommended.

How soon can I expect results from bilberry extract?

Improvements in dry eye symptoms and glycaemic control can typically be observed within a few weeks of consistent use.

Can bilberry extract cure any conditions?

No, bilberry extract may help manage symptoms and improve health outcomes but is not a cure for any condition.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28617532/ – This study demonstrated significant improvements in tear secretion and antioxidant levels among subjects with dry eye symptoms after a 4-week treatment with bilberry extract (p < 0.05). oConcerns about study limitations included a small sample size.
https://www.indena.com/indena_files/2019/12/mirtoselect_wp.pdf – The document discusses the composition, benefits, and bioavailability of Mirtoselect®, emphasizing its standardized anthocyanin content and efficacy in combating oxidative stress.
https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/article/7/4/271/385488?login=false – An open pilot trial indicated that a standardized bilberry preparation improved disease activity in patients with moderate ulcerative colitis after 6 weeks, although effects diminished upon cessation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25191571/ – This study highlighted the impact of a single dose of bilberry extract on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients, reporting significant reductions in postprandial glucose and insulin levels.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.651441/full – A comprehensive review of the effects of bilberry extract on various health outcomes, with a focus on its antioxidant properties and safety profile, reinforcing its potential therapeutic uses.