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Standardized Dong Quai Extract

Also known as: Dong Quai, Dang Gui, Chinese Angelica, Angelica sinensis

Overview

Dong Quai (*Angelica sinensis*) is a perennial herb native to China, primarily known for its root, which is utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. Often combined with other herbs, it is marketed as a dietary supplement for a wide range of health issues, notably menstrual and menopausal symptoms, as well as conditions like osteoarthritis and cardiovascular diseases. The root is rich in volatile oils, furanocoumarins, organic acids, and polysaccharides. The research surrounding Dong Quai is varied, with some studies indicating potential benefits, particularly in cancer contexts, while others reveal a lack of effectiveness, especially concerning menopausal symptoms. Overall, the existing body of evidence consists of small-scale studies, in vitro work, and epidemiological analysis that often compromise the reliability of outcomes and implications for human health.

Benefits

The efficacy of Dong Quai in managing menopausal symptoms is not strongly supported, with a double-blind trial revealing no significant difference in hot flash frequency when compared to placebo. Systematic reviews have also found a lack of consistent benefits for these symptoms. While there is some evidence suggesting antitumor and neuroprotective capabilities in vitro, such results do not readily translate to clinical applications. Furthermore, observational studies hint at possible benefits related to diabetes mortality and endometrial cancer risk, but require further rigorous investigation. Overall, current high-quality reviews and trials do not endorse significant advantages for specific populations, leaving the clinical relevance of Dong Quai's purported benefits questionable.

How it works

The beneficial effects of Dong Quai are attributed to various bioactive compounds, especially ferulic acid, which may mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, polysaccharides found in Dong Quai could promote production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and enhance glycosaminoglycan synthesis, potentially benefiting joint health in osteoarthritis. However, its interactions with the endocrine system remain contentious, particularly regarding its alleged estrogenic activity, which is insufficiently substantiated in human studies.

Side effects

Dong Quai is generally regarded as safe for most individuals, yet some side effects have been documented. Commonly reported adverse effects (>5%) include diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort. Photosensitivity may occur in some patients, attributed to the presence of furanocoumarins. Although rare, there could be a theoretical risk of bleeding, particularly in patients on anticoagulant medications, though related clinical complications have not been observed in research. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are advised against using Dong Quai due to insufficient safety data, and those with hormone-sensitive cancers should consult healthcare providers prior to use given potential estrogen-like effects.

Dosage

Research indicates a wide variability in the dosing of Dong Quai, with therapeutic doses ranging from 75 mg to 1 g utilized across different studies. However, the optimal and maximum safe dosages have not been precisely defined due to inconsistent efficacy across protocols. Typically, doses approaching 1 g have been used safely but must be approached cautiously due to the varying quality of available evidence. Timing of administration is not specifically established, and Dong Quai can be ingested in multiple forms (e.g., extracts, capsules), yet the absorption characteristics of its active components are not well characterized, warranting further investigation.

FAQs

Is Dong Quai safe for everyone?

While generally safe, caution is advised for those with hormone-sensitive conditions or on anticoagulant medications. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid it.

What should I expect when taking Dong Quai?

The evidence suggests limited benefits for menopausal symptoms and varying outcomes for other conditions, necessitating cautious expectations regarding efficacy.

When is the best time to take Dong Quai?

There are no specific timing recommendations for Dong Quai; it can be taken as part of a dietary regimen without strict guidelines.

Does Dong Quai have estrogenic effects?

The estrogenic activity of Dong Quai is debated, with inconsistent scientific support; users should remain aware of this potential concern.

Research Sources

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2529629 – This meta-analysis evaluated over 62 studies on plant-based therapies, concluding that phytoestrogens like red clover do not significantly reduce menopausal symptoms, underscoring the variability of results associated with similar supplements.
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/dong-quai – Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reviewed the use of Dong Quai, highlighting its traditional uses and safety considerations, alongside evidence of potential interactions with hormone-sensitive conditions and anticoagulant therapies.
https://www.xiahepublishing.com/m/2835-6357/FIM-2023-00002 – This randomized, double-blind trial specifically assessed the efficacy of Dong Quai on reducing hot flashes in prostate cancer patients, revealing no significant benefit compared to placebo administrations.