Standardized Korean Ginseng Extract
Also known as: Korean Ginseng, Asian Ginseng, Araliaceae, Ren Shen, Insam, Panax ginseng
Overview
Panax ginseng, commonly known as Korean Ginseng, is a perennial plant native to East Asia, particularly Korea, China, and Russia. Renowned for its adaptogenic properties, it has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. The primary active compounds, ginsenosides, are triterpene saponins attributed to many of its therapeutic effects. Korean Ginseng is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and teas. Research indicates that it may offer a range of health benefits, including reducing fatigue, enhancing physical and mental performance, and managing conditions such as hypertension, erectile dysfunction, and menopausal symptoms. However, the research is mixed in quality, necessitating further high-quality randomized controlled trials to firmly establish its efficacy and safety.
Benefits
Korean Ginseng has been associated with several evidence-based benefits. A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in fatigue severity, particularly in patients with chronic fatigue (SMD = -0.39). Additionally, it has shown efficacy in reducing blood pressure in individuals with pre-hypertension and hypertension (MD: SBP = -2.92 mmHg; DBP = -3.19 mmHg). While the evidence for erectile dysfunction is less robust, ginseng may have a minor positive effect (MD = 3.52 on IIEF-15). There are also indications of benefiting menopausal symptoms, albeit with lower confidence in the evidence. Patients with chronic fatigue and those suffering from hypertension or pre-hypertension are thought to benefit the most from supplementation.
How it works
Ginsenosides in Korean Ginseng interact with various biological pathways to exert their effects. They possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may improve insulin sensitivity while influencing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Ginseng also enhances nitric oxide synthase activity, promoting vasodilation and improving overall blood flow. By affecting the cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, it plays a role in enhancing cognitive function and mitigating inflammation.
Side effects
Korean Ginseng is generally regarded as safe when used appropriately, but it can cause some adverse effects. Common side effects occurring in over 5% of users include gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset. Less frequently (1-5% of users), insomnia, headache, and dizziness are reported. Rare occurrences (<1%) can involve serious events such as bleeding risks, particularly when combined with anticoagulant drugs. Interactions with blood thinners, diabetes medications, and antihypertensive drugs necessitate consulting a healthcare provider prior to starting supplementation. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, and individuals with bleeding disorders, should also avoid ginseng unless cleared by a medical professional.
Dosage
Recommended dosages of Korean Ginseng can vary but generally fall within the range of 400 mg to 1200 mg per day of a standardized extract containing 4-8% ginsenosides. For fatigue reduction, doses of 400-1200 mg have been documented in clinical studies, while 400-800 mg is common for blood pressure management. It is advisable to take ginseng once or twice daily with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Maximum doses above 1200 mg have not been extensively studied and may increase the risk of adverse effects. Standardized extracts are preferred for consistent active compound content, with their bioavailability influenced by the form and method of preparation.
FAQs
How long does it take to see benefits?
Benefits can vary based on individual response, but improvements may be seen in both short and long-term studies.
Can ginseng be used with other medications?
Consulting a healthcare provider is advisable due to potential interactions with other medications.
What are the potential side effects?
Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues, while severe risks like bleeding are rare.
Is ginseng safe for everyone?
No, pregnant women and individuals with bleeding disorders or undergoing surgery should consult a doctor.
When should ginseng be taken?
It is typically taken once or twice daily with meals to mitigate side effects.
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