Stropharia Rugosoannulata Mushroom
Also known as: Stropharia rugosoannulata, Wine cap mushroom, King Stropharia, Garden Giant
Overview
Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap mushroom or garden giant, is an edible mushroom native to Europe and North America, now cultivated worldwide. It's grown on wood chips, straw, and in forest environments. This mushroom is valued as a food source and a supplement due to its nutritional and bioactive properties. It's rich in protein, fiber, carbohydrates, and various bioactive compounds while being low in fat. Research suggests it possesses antioxidant and antibacterial activities, with potential lipid-lowering effects. However, most studies are preclinical or observational, and clinical trials are limited. The available evidence supports its nutritional value, but clinical efficacy and safety in humans require further investigation. It contains polysaccharides, proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins (especially B-group), minerals, polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids.
Benefits
Stropharia rugosoannulata exhibits several potential benefits, primarily supported by in vitro studies. It demonstrates significant antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals, although quantified clinical outcomes are lacking. In vitro assays also suggest lipid-lowering potential, but clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects in humans. Additionally, the mushroom shows antibacterial activity in vitro. The presence of bioactive compounds hints at anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential, but these effects have not been clinically validated. Currently, there is no evidence to suggest specific benefits for particular populations. The effect sizes and clinical significance of Stropharia rugosoannulata in humans remain to be established, and the time course of any potential benefits has not been studied in clinical settings.
How it works
The potential benefits of Stropharia rugosoannulata are attributed to its bioactive compounds. Its antioxidant effects are likely due to polysaccharides, polyphenols, and flavonoids scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. The lipid-lowering effects may stem from polysaccharides inhibiting lipid absorption or synthesis, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. It primarily interacts with the digestive and metabolic systems, and its bioactive compounds may modulate the immune system. While the specific molecular targets are not well-defined, it likely involves modulation of antioxidant enzymes and lipid metabolism pathways. The absorption and bioavailability of its compounds in humans are not well-studied, and polysaccharides may have limited systemic absorption.
Side effects
Stropharia rugosoannulata is generally considered safe when consumed as food. The available literature reports no significant toxicity. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects have not been reported in studies. No drug interactions are documented, and there are no known contraindications. However, there is a lack of data on its safety during pregnancy, lactation, or in children. While considered safe as a food, caution should be exercised when considering it as a supplement, especially in vulnerable populations, due to the limited safety data. It's important to note that this assessment is based on the currently available research, and further studies may reveal additional side effects or interactions.
Dosage
Currently, there is no established minimum effective dose, optimal dosage range, or maximum safe dose for Stropharia rugosoannulata as a supplement. It is typically consumed as food, with servings of 50–100 g of fresh mushroom being common. The effects of different forms, such as fresh, dried, or extract, on nutrient and bioactive compound retention have been noted, with drying methods impacting these levels. However, absorption factors in humans have not been studied. There are no identified required cofactors. Due to the lack of clinical data, it is important to exercise caution and avoid excessive consumption. Further research is needed to determine appropriate and safe dosages for specific health benefits.
FAQs
Is Stropharia rugosoannulata safe to consume?
Yes, it is generally considered safe when consumed as a food. However, there is limited data on its safety as a supplement, especially in vulnerable populations like pregnant or breastfeeding women.
What are the potential benefits of consuming this mushroom?
In vitro studies suggest antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. However, these benefits have not been clinically validated in humans, and more research is needed to confirm these findings.
How should I consume Stropharia rugosoannulata?
It can be consumed fresh, dried, or as an extract. However, there are no specific recommendations for timing or administration. It is typically consumed as a food rather than a therapeutic supplement.
Can Stropharia rugosoannulata treat any diseases?
No, it is not a proven treatment for any disease. The benefits are primarily based on in vitro and animal studies, and clinical trials are needed to validate any therapeutic effects.
Are there any known drug interactions?
No drug interactions have been documented in the available literature. However, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any new supplement, especially if you are taking medications.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/10/2077 – This study investigates the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Stropharia rugosoannulata. It highlights the presence of various antioxidants and their potential health benefits, emphasizing the need for further research to validate these effects in vivo.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1092582/full – This research explores the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of Stropharia rugosoannulata, focusing on its polysaccharide content and lipid-lowering capabilities. The study suggests that polysaccharides from this mushroom may have lipid-lowering effects, but further clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/11/1196 – This review article summarizes the nutritional and bioactive properties of Stropharia rugosoannulata, highlighting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor potential based on its compound profiles. It emphasizes the need for more clinical research to fully understand and validate these potential health benefits in humans.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/5478227 – This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional and medicinal properties of Stropharia rugosoannulata. It details the mushroom's rich composition of proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, as well as its potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities, suggesting its value as a functional food.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278080/ – This study focuses on the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Stropharia rugosoannulata extracts. The findings suggest that the mushroom extracts possess significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, indicating potential applications in food preservation and medicine, but further in vivo studies are needed.