Sunthee Extract
Also known as: Sunthee Extract, Bitter Orange, Seville Orange, Sour Orange, p-synephrine, *Citrus aurantium*
Overview
Citrus aurantium, commonly known as Bitter Orange, is a citrus tree whose peel is a source of p-synephrine, a sympathomimetic alkaloid. This supplement is primarily used for weight loss and energy enhancement due to its stimulant properties. While the extract is naturally occurring in the peel of the fruit, its usage is coupled with concerns regarding cardiovascular safety. Research on p-synephrine is moderately developed, with a mix of studies demonstrating minimal efficacy for weight loss but a notable increase in blood pressure. As a dietary supplement, it is available in various forms, including capsules and powders, though its safety profile raises concerns for those with preexisting health conditions.
Benefits
While the evidence surrounding p-synephrine presents limited benefits, a systematic review indicated that it does not significantly facilitate weight loss. Notably, it was associated with increases in systolic (6.37 mmHg) and diastolic (4.33 mmHg) blood pressure, suggesting cardiovascular risks. No substantial secondary benefits have been identified. The population-specific efficacy appears lacking, as no particular group showed marked advantages. The clinical significance of increased blood pressure underscores the potential dangers of its usage, particularly among sensitive populations. Therefore, users should be cautious regarding expectations of effects.
How it works
p-Synephrine functions as a sympathomimetic agent, stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, which results in increased heart rate and blood pressure. It primarily interacts with adrenergic receptors, particularly alpha and beta types, thus affecting cardiovascular functions. The absorption and bioavailability of p-synephrine are influenced by individual metabolic factors, allowing for relatively rapid systemic effects.
Side effects
The safety profile of p-synephrine is concerning due to its significant effects on cardiovascular metrics. Common side effects (>5%) include increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Uncommon side effects may include limited specific cardiovascular-related issues. Rare side effects are not well-documented, but there exists a risk for severe cardiovascular events. Potential drug interactions with other stimulants or blood pressure medications raise further caution. Contraindications include individuals with hypertension, heart disease, or similar cardiovascular issues. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding women and those with sensitive cardiovascular systems should avoid this supplement.
Dosage
Recommended dosages of p-synephrine generally range from 10-50 mg per serving, although the effectiveness of these doses for weight loss is unconfirmed. There are no established minimum effective or maximum safe doses, but higher doses could escalate cardiovascular risk. Timing recommendations are unsupported by evidence, and the supplement exists in diverse forms. Individual metabolic responses may influence absorption rates, which should be considered when determining dosing.
FAQs
Is Sunthee Extract safe?
Users should exercise caution due to potential increases in blood pressure and heart rate, which are particularly concerning for those with cardiovascular conditions.
Can I take Sunthee Extract if I have high blood pressure?
Individuals with hypertension or other cardiovascular issues are advised against using this supplement due to associated health risks.
When is the best time to take Sunthee Extract?
There is no specific evidence to support timing recommendations for Sunthee Extract usage.
What benefits can I expect from Sunthee Extract?
Users should not expect significant weight loss benefits; the supplement primarily raises concerns over cardiovascular risks.
Is p-synephrine effective for weight loss?
Current research indicates that p-synephrine does not significantly facilitate weight loss, making its effectiveness questionable.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36235672/ – A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of p-synephrine on weight loss and cardiovascular parameters. The study concluded p-synephrine did not significantly facilitate weight loss but significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
- https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/80/6/1723/6470525?login=false – This article assesses various dietary supplements including p-synephrine, discussing their impact on weight management and associated health risks, particularly concerning cardiovascular effects.
