Theacrine as TeaCrine
Also known as: Theacrine, TeaCrine®, 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid
Overview
Theacrine is a purine alkaloid found primarily in the *Camellia kucha* plant, a type of wild tea. It is structurally similar to caffeine but produces different physiological effects. As a dietary supplement, theacrine is used to enhance energy, focus, and endurance, often without the habituation effects associated with caffeine. It functions as an adenosine receptor antagonist, influencing dopamine and adenosine systems. Research suggests potential cognitive and physical performance benefits, with studies exploring its impact on endurance, focus, and overall cognitive function. Theacrine has a longer half-life than caffeine, potentially leading to sustained effects over several hours. Available evidence is growing, with an increasing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating its benefits.
Benefits
Theacrine may improve endurance and cognitive function, especially when combined with caffeine. Studies suggest it enhances energy and focus without significant habituation effects. Athletes may experience improved endurance and cognitive performance during prolonged activities. Research indicates improvements in time-to-exhaustion and cognitive task performance. Theacrine's effects can last longer than caffeine due to its longer half-life, potentially providing sustained benefits. Some studies have also noted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, although more research is needed to confirm these benefits in humans. Effect sizes vary across studies and require further quantification.
How it works
Theacrine primarily acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, similar to caffeine, influencing dopamine and adenosine systems to enhance energy and focus. It affects the central nervous system by modulating neurotransmitter levels, potentially improving cognitive function and reducing fatigue. Theacrine interacts with adenosine receptors, particularly A1 and A2A subtypes, which are involved in regulating arousal and sleep-wake cycles. It is absorbed orally, with peak plasma concentrations reached within a few hours, and it has a half-life of approximately 16.5 to 26.1 hours.
Side effects
Theacrine is generally considered safe when used as directed, with no significant adverse effects reported in short-term studies. Common side effects are not consistently reported, and it is often noted for lacking the jitteriness associated with caffeine. However, potential for mild stimulant effects similar to caffeine exists, though less pronounced. Due to limited data, rare side effects are not well-defined. Potential interactions with other stimulants or adenosine receptor antagonists exist, so caution is advised when combining with other medications. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use due to limited data. Individuals sensitive to stimulants or with certain medical conditions should also exercise caution.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of theacrine typically starts at 25 mg, though effects are more pronounced at doses of 125 mg or higher. Optimal dosage ranges are between 125 mg to 300 mg per day, depending on individual tolerance and desired effects. The maximum safe dose is not well established, but high doses (up to 300 mg/kg body weight) have been used in animal studies without adverse effects. Theacrine can be taken at any time, but benefits may be more pronounced when taken before physical or cognitive tasks. It is available in capsule or powder form, with no specific form recommended over another. Absorption may be influenced by food intake, though specific data is limited.
FAQs
How should I use theacrine?
Theacrine can be used as a pre-workout supplement or to enhance focus during prolonged mental tasks. It is generally safe, but individuals sensitive to stimulants should start with low doses.
When is the best time to take theacrine?
Theacrine can be taken once daily, ideally before activity. Its effects last longer than caffeine, providing sustained benefits. Follow dosage guidelines to avoid potential side effects.
What results can I expect from theacrine?
Expect improved energy, focus, and endurance without significant side effects. Theacrine is not caffeine; it has a longer duration of action and may cause fewer side effects. Individual results may vary.
Is theacrine safe?
Theacrine is generally considered safe when taken as directed. However, individuals sensitive to stimulants should exercise caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use.
Research Sources
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15502783.2022.2113339 – This RCT with 24 athletes found that a combination of theacrine and caffeine improved cognitive function and endurance over a 90-minute period. The study suggests a synergistic effect between the two compounds, enhancing both physical and mental performance. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30999897/ – This RCT involving 48 tactical personnel demonstrated that a combination of theacrine, methylliberine, and caffeine had synergistic effects on reaction time and marksmanship over a 150-minute period. The study highlights the potential benefits of this combination for improving cognitive and motor skills in demanding situations. The findings are limited to a specific population and may not apply to other groups.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.596823/full – This review article suggests that theacrine exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing effects. It highlights the potential of theacrine to improve various aspects of health and performance. However, the review notes that there are limited human studies, and more research is needed to confirm these benefits.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302909861_A_Two-Part_Approach_to_Examine_the_Effects_of_Theacrine_TeaCrineR_Supplementation_on_Oxygen_Consumption_Hemodynamic_Responses_and_Subjective_Measures_of_Cognitive_and_Psychometric_Parameters – This study examines the effects of Theacrine (TeaCrine®) supplementation on oxygen consumption, hemodynamic responses, and cognitive measures. The research provides insights into the physiological and cognitive impacts of theacrine, contributing to a better understanding of its potential benefits and mechanisms of action. Further research is needed to validate and expand upon these findings.