Tribulus Extract
Also known as: Tribulus terrestris L., Puncture vine, Caltrop, Goat's head, Tribulus terrestris
Overview
Tribulus terrestris is an herbal extract derived from a plant traditionally used to enhance sexual function, fertility, and athletic performance. It is marketed as a natural testosterone booster and aphrodisiac. The extract contains steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which are thought to contribute to its biological effects. Research on Tribulus terrestris is moderately mature, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews available. However, the quality of evidence varies, and many claims remain unsubstantiated by high-quality clinical data. It is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and powders, and is sourced from the Tribulus terrestris plant found in various regions worldwide.
Benefits
Systematic reviews indicate some evidence that Tribulus terrestris supplementation may improve sexual function in men and women, including erectile function and female sexual dysfunction scores. A systematic review including 5 RCTs (n=279) found significant improvements in sexual function scores in premenopausal and postmenopausal women after 1 to 3 months of treatment, along with increased serum testosterone in premenopausal women. However, evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses consistently shows that Tribulus terrestris does not significantly increase serum testosterone levels in healthy men. Some meta-analyses suggest potential profertility and aphrodisiac activities, but these findings are preliminary and require further high-quality trials to confirm. While some studies report statistically significant improvements in sexual function scores, the effect sizes tend to be modest, and the clinical relevance is uncertain due to small sample sizes and study heterogeneity.
How it works
The active compounds in Tribulus terrestris, mainly steroidal saponins such as protodioscin, are hypothesized to modulate androgen receptors or influence nitric oxide pathways, potentially improving sexual function and libido. Despite these proposed mechanisms, clinical evidence does not support a consistent increase in circulating testosterone levels. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of these compounds in humans remain incompletely characterized. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action.
Side effects
Tribulus terrestris is generally considered safe when used at typical supplemental doses for short durations (up to 3 months). No serious adverse events were reported in reviewed RCTs. Common side effects are rare and mild, including gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions. No significant drug interactions or contraindications have been firmly established, but caution is advised in patients with hormone-sensitive conditions. Due to limited long-term safety data, prolonged use should be approached with caution. Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before using Tribulus terrestris.
Dosage
Clinical trials typically use doses ranging from 250 mg to 1500 mg of Tribulus terrestris extract daily. Optimal dosing is not well defined due to variability in extract standardization and study designs. A duration of 1 to 3 months is common in studies assessing sexual function benefits. There is no established maximum safe dose; however, longer-term safety data are limited. It is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for individual needs.
FAQs
Does Tribulus terrestris increase testosterone?
Current high-quality evidence shows it does not significantly raise testosterone levels in healthy men.
Is it effective for sexual dysfunction?
There is some evidence for modest improvement in sexual function in both men and women, but results are inconsistent and more research is needed.
Is it safe?
Generally yes, for short-term use, with few reported side effects.
How long to see effects?
Benefits on sexual function may appear after 1 to 3 months of supplementation.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ – This systematic review found no significant increase in testosterone levels in humans following Tribulus terrestris supplementation. The review analyzed multiple RCTs but noted heterogeneity and small sample sizes as limitations, suggesting the need for further research to confirm these findings.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40219032/ – This systematic review indicated some improvement in erectile function with Tribulus terrestris, but no consistent increase in testosterone levels was observed. The study acknowledged limitations such as small sample sizes and study heterogeneity, which impact the strength of the conclusions.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/7/1275 – This study suggests potential profertility and aphrodisiac activities of Tribulus terrestris. However, the authors note that the findings are preliminary and require confirmation through further high-quality trials to establish the efficacy and mechanisms of action.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/7118431 – This systematic review of female sexual dysfunction found significant improvements in sexual function scores and increased testosterone in premenopausal women after 1-3 months of Tribulus terrestris treatment. The authors noted the very low certainty of the evidence due to small samples and heterogeneity, highlighting the need for more robust studies.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/rbgo/a/j9q637hwJbhZDWPb8syg83w/ – This systematic review focused on the effects of Tribulus terrestris on female sexual dysfunction. The review included 5 RCTs and found significant improvements in sexual function scores, along with increased testosterone in premenopausal women. The authors also reported no serious adverse events, suggesting a favorable safety profile for short-term use.
