Tribulus Terestris Aerial Parts Extract
Also known as: Tribulus terrestris, Gokshura, Puncture Vine
Overview
Tribulus terrestris is a plant-based supplement derived from the aerial parts or fruits of the Tribulus terrestris plant. It is traditionally used for its purported aphrodisiac properties and is marketed for enhancing sexual function and testosterone levels. However, the quality of evidence supporting these claims is mixed. The supplement contains compounds like protodioscin and di-p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives, which are thought to contribute to its effects. It is available in various forms, including capsules and extracts. While some studies suggest potential benefits for sexual function and antioxidant properties, systematic reviews indicate that Tribulus terrestris is generally ineffective in significantly increasing testosterone levels in humans. Research maturity is moderate, with several systematic reviews but limited high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Benefits
Despite marketing claims, systematic reviews indicate that Tribulus terrestris is ineffective in significantly increasing testosterone levels in humans. Some studies suggest potential benefits for sexual function, but evidence is inconsistent. There is some evidence suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to overall health benefits. The clinical significance of any observed effects is generally low due to the lack of robust evidence. No clear population-specific benefits have been established, though some studies focus on male sexual health. There is insufficient data to determine the time course of benefits.
How it works
The aphrodisiac effects are thought to be associated with protodioscin, which may influence sex hormone levels. Tribulus extracts also exhibit antioxidant effects through compounds like di-p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives. Tribulus may interact with various body systems, including the reproductive and cardiovascular systems, though the mechanisms are not fully understood. Tribulus compounds have been shown to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vitro, which could affect drug metabolism. There is limited information on the absorption and bioavailability of Tribulus terrestris extracts.
Side effects
Tribulus terrestris is generally considered safe, but there are reports of liver enzyme elevations and potential interactions with P-gp substrate drugs. Common side effects are not well-documented, but liver enzyme elevations have been reported. Priapism has been associated with tribulus use in a case report. There is insufficient data to identify rare side effects. Potential interactions exist with drugs that are P-gp substrates. No contraindications are established, but caution is advised with liver conditions or when taking P-gp substrate drugs. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers due to a lack of safety data.
Dosage
A minimum effective dose is not established. Typical dosage ranges are 500-1500 mg per day, though efficacy is not well-supported. A maximum safe dose is not established. There are no specific timing recommendations. It is available in various forms, including capsules and extracts. There is limited information on absorption factors. No required cofactors are established.
FAQs
Is Tribulus terrestris effective for increasing testosterone levels?
Systematic reviews indicate that Tribulus terrestris is ineffective for significantly increasing testosterone levels in humans. Users should be aware of the lack of robust evidence supporting testosterone enhancement claims.
Is Tribulus terrestris safe?
While generally safe, users should monitor liver enzymes and consult healthcare providers if taking P-gp substrate drugs. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers due to a lack of safety data.
How should I take Tribulus terrestris?
No specific timing or administration guidelines are established. Typical dosage ranges are 500-1500 mg per day, though efficacy is not well-supported. It is available in various forms, including capsules and extracts.
What results can I expect from taking Tribulus terrestris?
Users should not expect significant testosterone increases or dramatic improvements in sexual function based on current evidence. There is mixed evidence for its benefits.
What are the common misconceptions about Tribulus terrestris?
Common misconceptions include its effectiveness for testosterone enhancement and sexual function improvement. The evidence for these claims is not robust.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ – This systematic review found that Tribulus terrestris is ineffective for increasing testosterone levels in humans. The review analyzed multiple studies and concluded that there is no significant evidence to support the claim that Tribulus terrestris boosts testosterone.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40219032/ – This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on erectile dysfunction and testosterone levels, indicating mixed results. The study highlighted the variability in trial designs and outcomes, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about its efficacy.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/19390211.2014.887602?src=recsys&journalCode=ijds20 – This review highlighted the variability in trials, making meta-analysis challenging, and noted the lack of consistent evidence for its benefits. The authors emphasized the need for more rigorous and standardized research to determine the true potential of Tribulus terrestris.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/7/1275 – This review discusses the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Tribulus terrestris. It highlights the presence of compounds like di-p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives, which may contribute to its overall health benefits.
- https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/tribulus-terrestris – This resource provides a general overview of Tribulus terrestris, including its uses, potential side effects, and interactions. It notes that while it is often used for sexual function and testosterone enhancement, the evidence supporting these claims is limited.