Tribulus Terrestris Seed Extract
Also known as: Gokshura, Puncture Vine, Caltrop, Tribulus terrestris
Overview
Tribulus terrestris is a plant native to tropical and temperate regions, used in traditional medicine for its diuretic, tonic, and aphrodisiac properties. Extracts from its aerial parts and fruits are commonly used in dietary supplements, particularly among athletes and bodybuilders, due to claims of testosterone-enhancing effects. However, research presents mixed evidence regarding its efficacy, particularly for enhancing testosterone levels. Its use extends to promoting fertility and aiding sexual health, with a moderate research maturity level and variable quality of evidence surrounding its benefits. Although several systematic reviews and meta-analyses exist, findings on benefits like lipid profile improvements and sperm performance metrics suggest that more comprehensive studies are necessary to substantiate these claims.
Benefits
Studies indicate that *Tribulus terrestris* may improve sperm concentration and motility, with reported effect sizes showing significant enhancements (SDM = 0.624 for sperm concentration, p = 0.013; SDM = 0.742 for motility, p = 0.001). Physically active adults might also gain benefits related to lipid profiles and inflammatory biomarker reductions. However, the strength of evidence regarding testosterone enhancement is limited, with multiple studies not showing significant increases in testosterone levels. While some improvements have been noted, the clinical significance remains moderate, and users should be aware that individual responses may vary, necessitating further research for confirmation.
How it works
The mechanism of action for *Tribulus terrestris* is not fully understood. There are suggestions that it may involve the release of nitric oxide and interaction with hormones affecting reproductive outcomes. It is believed to influence both reproductive and cardiovascular systems, although specific molecular targets remain unclear. Limited research exists regarding its absorption and bioavailability, indicating further investigation is necessary for a complete understanding of its action within the body.
Side effects
Generally, *Tribulus terrestris* is considered safe with no reported toxicity in studies, but comprehensive documentation of side effects is lacking. Common, uncommon, or rare adverse effects are not well documented, suggesting a need for caution in specific populations. Notably, potential interactions with blood thinners and diabetes medications are important to consider due to the herb's effects on blood sugar and pressure. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established, warranting avoidance in these groups. Caution is advisable for individuals with diabetes or those on anticoagulants, emphasizing the need for further safety data.
Dosage
The optimal dosage of *Tribulus terrestris* is typically recommended at 500-1000 mg per day, though the minimum effective dose remains unclear. There is no specific timing for administration, as guidelines do not stipulate particular hours for consumption. Dosage may vary depending on the form, with capsules and tablets being the most common. Research does not define maximum safe doses clearly, highlighting an area needing further exploration. Additionally, there are no known cofactor requirements for absorption.
FAQs
Is *Tribulus terrestris* effective for testosterone enhancement?
The evidence for significant testosterone enhancement is limited, with several studies showing no notable increase in testosterone levels.
What are the safety considerations for *Tribulus terrestris*?
While generally safe, caution is advisable for individuals with diabetes or those on anticoagulants. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established.
What benefits can be expected with supplementation?
Users may experience improvements in fertility parameters like sperm concentration and motility, but effects on testosterone are uncertain.
What is the recommended dosage for *Tribulus terrestris*?
The typical dosage range is 500-1000 mg per day, but no specific timing or maximum safe dose is well defined.
Are there misconceptions surrounding *Tribulus terrestris*?
Many believe it significantly increases testosterone, but research does not strongly support this claim.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ – This systematic review included eleven studies examining the effects of *Tribulus terrestris* on testosterone levels in humans and animals. Key findings indicated no significant increase in testosterone levels, though variability in study design and dosing limits the conclusions.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35954909/ – Another systematic review assessed seven studies involving physically active adult males, demonstrating significant improvements in lipid profiles and moderate effects on inflammatory biomarkers, although limited in number, thus warranting further inquiry.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/7118431 – This meta-analysis reviewed data from 133 human studies, reporting significant enhancements in sperm concentration and motility parameters. It noted variability in study outcomes but affirmed the significance of results through quantitative analysis.