Unforgettables
Also known as: Unforgettables, PS, Phosphatidylserine
Overview
Unforgettables is a dietary supplement primarily marketed for cognitive health, with its key active ingredient being Phosphatidylserine (PS). Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring phospholipid found in high concentrations in brain cell membranes, playing a crucial role in cellular function and signaling. Historically, PS was derived from bovine brain, but modern supplements predominantly use plant-based sources like soy or cabbage. The supplement is designed to support various aspects of cognitive function, including memory, attention, and overall mental clarity, particularly in aging populations or individuals experiencing mild cognitive decline. While phosphatidylserine itself has been the subject of numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses, the specific formulation 'Unforgettables' lacks independent peer-reviewed research. The evidence for PS is generally supportive for mild cognitive impairment and age-related cognitive decline, suggesting its potential as a nootropic.
Benefits
Phosphatidylserine supplementation has demonstrated several evidence-based benefits, particularly for cognitive function. Primary effects include improvements in attention, language skills, and memory in aging individuals experiencing cognitive decline. Some studies report statistically significant benefits after 6-12 weeks of consistent use. For individuals with Alzheimer's disease, PS may offer some symptomatic improvements, though these effects might diminish over time. Beyond cognitive enhancement, there is some evidence suggesting potential mood benefits, such as a reduction in depressive symptoms in dementia patients when PS is combined with non-pharmacological interventions. These benefits are most pronounced in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Meta-analyses indicate small to moderate effect sizes for cognitive improvements, with standardized mean differences around 0.28 for activities of daily living and 0.44 reduction in depression, though the latter is not specific to PS alone. Benefits typically become observable after 6-12 weeks of daily supplementation.
How it works
Phosphatidylserine primarily functions by supporting the fluidity and integrity of neuronal cell membranes. This structural support is crucial for efficient neurotransmitter release and receptor activity, which are fundamental processes for cognitive function. By maintaining healthy cell membranes, PS facilitates communication between brain cells and optimizes synaptic function. It acts predominantly on the central nervous system to enhance various cognitive processes. When taken orally, phosphatidylserine is absorbed and effectively incorporated into brain cell membranes, contributing to improved neuronal signaling and overall brain health. The bioavailability can vary depending on whether the source is animal or plant-derived.
Side effects
Phosphatidylserine is generally considered safe for oral consumption, particularly for short-term use up to 3 months. The most common side effects, occurring at doses above 300 mg, include mild insomnia and stomach upset. Uncommon side effects are not significantly reported in high-quality studies, and serious adverse events are rare. While no major drug interactions have been definitively reported, caution is advised when combining PS with anticoagulants due to its potential, albeit minor, effects on platelet aggregation. A significant contraindication is the theoretical risk of disease transmission associated with animal-derived phosphatidylserine; therefore, plant-derived forms are strongly preferred. Safety data for pregnant or breastfeeding women are not well-established, and its use in these populations should be approached with caution and under medical supervision. Overall, PS has a favorable safety profile when used within recommended dosages and durations.
Dosage
For cognitive benefits, studies commonly utilize phosphatidylserine doses ranging from 100 mg to 300 mg per day. An optimal dosage of 300 mg daily appears effective for achieving cognitive improvements without significantly increasing the risk of side effects. Doses exceeding 300 mg per day may lead to an increased incidence of mild side effects such as insomnia and stomach upset. To observe the desired effects, consistent daily dosing for at least 6 to 12 weeks is recommended. When selecting a supplement, it is advisable to choose plant-derived phosphatidylserine forms to avoid potential risks associated with animal-derived sources. Absorption of phosphatidylserine can be enhanced when taken with fat-containing meals. No specific cofactors are required for its efficacy, though overall nutritional status can influence the supplement's effectiveness.
FAQs
Is Unforgettables effective for memory improvement?
The key ingredient, phosphatidylserine, has evidence supporting mild cognitive benefits, including memory improvement. However, there are no independent studies specifically confirming the efficacy of the branded 'Unforgettables' product.
Is it safe long-term?
Phosphatidylserine is generally considered safe for short-term use, typically up to 3 months. Data on its long-term safety are limited, so prolonged use should be discussed with a healthcare professional.
When should it be taken?
It is recommended to take phosphatidylserine daily, preferably with meals, as this can enhance its absorption and bioavailability.
How soon will results appear?
Cognitive benefits from phosphatidylserine supplementation typically become noticeable after consistent daily use for 6 to 12 weeks.
Are there any risks of disease transmission?
To eliminate any theoretical risk of disease transmission, it is crucial to choose phosphatidylserine supplements that are derived from plant sources, such as soy or cabbage, rather than animal sources.
Research Sources
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-992/phosphatidylserine – This WebMD summary, drawing from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, indicates that phosphatidylserine improves memory, attention, and language skills in aging adults with cognitive decline. It also notes potential benefits for Alzheimer's symptoms, though effects may diminish. The summary highlights that most studies used animal-derived PS, making the effects of soy/cabbage-derived forms less certain.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31132836/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions in dementia, including 10 RCTs, found that such interventions improve activities of daily living and reduce depression. However, it did not specifically focus on phosphatidylserine and noted that these interventions did not consistently improve cognition. The study's findings are relevant for understanding broader approaches to dementia care.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764372/full – This mixed-methods synthesis from Frontiers in Psychology explores the benefits of singing for dementia patients and caregivers. It concludes that singing can improve mood and quality of life, and music therapy can reduce behavioral symptoms. While not directly related to phosphatidylserine, it provides context on non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive health and well-being.
