Yarrow Flowers Extract
Also known as: Yarrow, Milfoil, Thousand-leaf, *Achillea millefolium* L.
Overview
Yarrow (*Achillea millefolium* L.) is a flowering plant native to Europe and Asia, commonly used in traditional medicine. The extract derived from its flowers, leaves, and stems is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Rich in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds (e.g., caffeoylquinic acids), flavonoids (like luteolin), and essential oils (such as camphor), yarrow has been studied for its numerous medicinal applications. Its use encompasses treating digestive disorders, reducing inflammation, and providing antiseptic benefits. Yarrow extract shows moderate to advanced research maturity, with several studies investigating its pharmacological activities, though there is a need for more comprehensive clinical trials to fully understand its benefits and efficacies.
Benefits
Yarrow extract demonstrates several evidence-backed benefits: (1) **Antioxidant Activity:** Strong antioxidant properties attributed to its rich content of phenolic compounds, observed in studies comparing different extraction methods; (2) **Anti-Inflammatory Activity:** Significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, noted in laboratory studies; (3) **Antiproliferative Activity:** Inhibits metabolic targets in colorectal cancer cells, indicating potential cancer treatment applications; (4) **Antibacterial Properties:** Effective against *H. pylori*, suggesting gastrointestinal health benefits; (5) **Improvement in Metabolic Health:** Enhances insulin sensitivity in preclinical models of obesity. While the effects are promising, variability in effect sizes across studies indicates a need for more rigorous clinical assessments.
How it works
The mechanism of action for yarrow extracts involves the modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. Key targets include *SREBF1*, *FASN*, *ABCA1*, and *HMGCR*, which are implicated in energy metabolism and inflammation. Additionally, phenolic compounds contribute to its antioxidant activity. By affecting these pathways, yarrow extracts may exert their anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects while potentially enhancing bioavailability through advanced extraction techniques.
Side effects
Yarrow extract generally exhibits a limited safety profile, primarily noted in cosmetic applications. Common side effects are not well-documented, but skin irritation and allergic reactions have been reported in certain formulations. Notably, there is concern regarding potential skin sensitization and genotoxicity, necessitating caution particularly for long-term use. Drug interactions are not extensively documented, but individuals with allergies to the Compositae family are advised to avoid it. The safety of yarrow during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains unclear due to insufficient data, and special precautions should be taken with vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.
Dosage
Currently, no standardized dosage range for yarrow extract is established due to the variability in bioactive fractions and extraction methods. Studies have employed differing concentrations, complicating the determination of an optimal dose. Given the lack of comprehensive safety data, no upper limits can be advised. Furthermore, specific timing for administration is not documented, yet enhancing the absorption through advanced extraction methods may improve efficacy. Users should consult healthcare professionals for individualized advice.
FAQs
Is yarrow extract safe for long-term use?
Yarrow extract shows potential but lacks comprehensive long-term safety data. Caution is advised.
What is the best time to take yarrow extract?
No standardized timing for yarrow extract administration has been established. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.
What benefits can I expect from yarrow extract?
Users can expect antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential cancer-fighting effects, though results may vary.
Can yarrow extract replace prescribed medication?
Yarrow extract should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment. Guidance from a healthcare professional is essential.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1256190/full – This study examined the supercritical anti-solvent fractionation of yarrow extract, revealing inhibition of lipid metabolic targets in colorectal cancer and demonstrating high anti-inflammatory activity. The findings indicate significant potential but highlight the necessity for human clinical trials.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19001835/ – An analytical study detailing variability in phenolic compounds in yarrow flowers, demonstrating the variations in their chemical composition across different geographical locations, although without direct pharmacological testing.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11558643/ – A safety assessment report which emphasizes insufficient data concerning the safety of yarrow extract in cosmetics and highlights the need for more toxicology and genotoxicity studies.
