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Adrenal Cortex Extract

Also known as: Adrenal glandular extract, desiccated adrenal extract, adrenal cortex glandular, Adrenal Cortex Extract

Overview

Adrenal Cortex Extract (ACE) is a supplement derived from the dried adrenal cortex tissue of animals, typically bovine or porcine. It is purported to contain natural corticosteroids and related compounds, aiming to support adrenal function, combat "adrenal fatigue," and enhance energy and stress resilience. Historically and anecdotally, it has been used in alternative medicine for symptoms associated with adrenal insufficiency. The theoretical basis for its action involves providing exogenous corticosteroids and precursors that may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the scientific community lacks robust, high-quality clinical research, such as randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses, to substantiate these claims. The efficacy and safety of ACE as a dietary supplement remain largely unproven, with concerns regarding potential adrenal suppression due to the introduction of exogenous hormonal compounds.

Benefits

There is no high-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses supporting clear clinical benefits of Adrenal Cortex Extract (ACE) supplementation in humans. While some indirect evidence from studies on pharmaceutical corticosteroids suggests effects on adrenal function, these findings do not apply to glandular extracts. No validated benefits have been established for any specific population, and effect sizes or clinical significance are not known due to the absence of rigorous studies. The time course for any potential benefits is also unknown. The current scientific consensus indicates a significant lack of robust research to support the efficacy of ACE for any health condition or purpose.

How it works

The theoretical mechanism of action for Adrenal Cortex Extract (ACE) involves providing exogenous corticosteroids and their precursors, which are naturally produced by the adrenal cortex. It is hypothesized that these compounds might modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, influencing the body's stress response and hormone balance. ACE is believed to interact with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, similar to endogenous corticosteroids. However, the exact biological pathways, the extent of interaction with body systems, and the absorption and bioavailability of these compounds when consumed as a supplement are not well characterized or proven. The proposed influence on cortisol levels and adrenal hormone balance remains largely unproven in the context of a supplement.

Side effects

The overall safety of Adrenal Cortex Extract (ACE) is uncertain due to a lack of comprehensive research. A significant concern is the potential for suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, similar to what can occur with pharmaceutical corticosteroid use, although this effect is not well-documented for glandular extracts. Common and uncommon side effects are not well-documented, but rare side effects could include adrenal suppression or other hormonal imbalances. ACE may interact with prescription medications, particularly corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and other hormone therapies, potentially altering their effects or increasing risks. It is likely contraindicated in individuals with diagnosed adrenal insufficiency, hormone-sensitive conditions, or those currently undergoing corticosteroid therapy. Use in special populations such as pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, children, or patients with pre-existing adrenal diseases is not supported by evidence and may pose significant risks. Due to the unknown safety profile and potential for serious adverse effects, caution is strongly advised.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose, optimal dosage ranges, and maximum safe dose for Adrenal Cortex Extract (ACE) have not been established due to a lack of scientific research. There are no established timing considerations for administration, and specific recommendations based on the form (typically oral capsules or tablets of desiccated adrenal gland) are also undefined. Factors influencing absorption and bioavailability of the compounds within ACE are unknown, making it difficult to predict its systemic effects. Furthermore, no required cofactors have been identified to enhance its purported actions. Without established dosing guidelines or safety thresholds, the use of ACE carries inherent risks, and its efficacy at any dose remains unproven.

FAQs

Is adrenal cortex extract effective for adrenal fatigue?

No, there is no high-quality scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of Adrenal Cortex Extract for treating 'adrenal fatigue' or any other condition. Its efficacy remains unproven.

Is it safe to take adrenal cortex extract?

The safety of Adrenal Cortex Extract is uncertain. There are theoretical concerns about potential suppression of the body's natural adrenal function (HPA axis), and its long-term effects are not well studied.

Can it replace corticosteroid therapy?

No, Adrenal Cortex Extract cannot replace prescribed corticosteroid therapy. Pharmaceutical corticosteroids have defined dosages and effects, unlike glandular extracts, and substituting them could be dangerous.

Does it cause hormonal imbalances?

Potentially, yes. Because Adrenal Cortex Extract contains compounds related to adrenal hormones, there is a theoretical risk of causing hormonal imbalances, though this is not well-studied in humans.

Research Sources

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1127676/full – This source is a 2023 systematic review focusing on adrenal surgery outcomes. It does not provide information on adrenal cortex extract supplementation but highlights the complexity of adrenal gland function and surgical interventions.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25844620/ – This PubMed entry refers to a study by Broersen et al. (2015) that analyzed the risk of adrenal insufficiency after corticosteroid use. While it highlights that exogenous corticosteroids can suppress adrenal function, this research pertains to pharmaceutical corticosteroids and not glandular extracts, thus not directly supporting or refuting the efficacy of Adrenal Cortex Extract supplements.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/100/6/2171/2829580 – This source is the full text of the Broersen et al. (2015) study, which discusses adrenal insufficiency risk following corticosteroid therapy. It reinforces that pharmaceutical corticosteroids can suppress the HPA axis, but it does not provide evidence regarding the effects or safety of Adrenal Cortex Extract supplements.
https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/adrenals.asp – This VA.gov resource notes that adrenal glandular supplements have unknown safety and effectiveness. It specifically warns that these supplements may suppress the HPA axis and recommends caution due to the lack of scientific evidence supporting their use.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27257146/ – This PubMed entry refers to a systematic review on adrenal biopsy diagnostics. It focuses on diagnostic procedures for adrenal conditions and does not provide any information or research related to the efficacy or safety of Adrenal Cortex Extract as a supplement.