Artichoke Protein
Also known as: Artichoke, Globe Artichoke, Cynara scolymus
Overview
Artichoke (*Cynara scolymus*) is a thistle native to the Mediterranean, widely consumed as a vegetable and utilized in dietary supplements. Extracts from the leaves are traditionally used to support digestive health and liver function, and are being studied for potential cardiovascular benefits. Artichokes are rich in antioxidants, flavonoids, and cynarin, which are thought to contribute to their health-promoting properties. Available in various forms, including capsules and extracts, artichoke supplements are generally considered safe for consumption. Research on artichoke extracts is moderately mature, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available, providing a generally good quality of evidence for its various health effects.
Benefits
Artichoke supplementation has demonstrated several potential health benefits. Studies have shown that it can significantly decrease liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), particularly in trials lasting ≤8 weeks and using >500 mg of artichoke. Furthermore, artichoke may help reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Artichoke extracts have also been associated with reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). These effects make artichoke a potentially beneficial supplement for individuals with hypertension, elevated liver enzymes, or those looking to improve their lipid profile. The clinical significance of these effects can vary based on individual health status.
How it works
Artichoke extracts are believed to exert their effects through multiple mechanisms. They may enhance bile production, which aids in digestion and detoxification. Additionally, they can improve lipid metabolism, helping to lower cholesterol levels. Artichoke's antioxidant properties also contribute to its overall health benefits by reducing oxidative stress. Cynarin, a key component of artichoke, is thought to influence bile acid synthesis and lipid metabolism. These actions primarily affect the liver and cardiovascular systems, contributing to the observed benefits in liver health, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.
Side effects
Artichoke consumption is generally considered safe, but some side effects have been reported. The most common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, such as bloating or gas, which occur in more than 5% of users. Allergic reactions are possible but rare, affecting between 1% and 5% of users. Drug interactions are possible, particularly with medications affecting liver function or blood pressure. Individuals with allergies to artichokes or related plants should avoid artichoke supplements. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use. It is important to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if significant side effects occur.
Dosage
Typical doses for artichoke extracts range from 500 to 1,500 mg per day, though the optimal dosage varies based on specific health goals. Higher doses may be needed for significant effects on blood pressure or cholesterol. The minimum effective dose for artichoke protein specifically is not well-established. Doses above 1,500 mg per day are less commonly studied, and the maximum safe dose is not clearly defined. Extracts are commonly used in capsule form. No specific timing recommendations are available. Bioavailability may be influenced by the presence of other nutrients or digestive enzymes.
FAQs
Are artichoke supplements safe?
Artichoke supplements are generally safe but may interact with certain medications. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have existing health conditions.
When should I take artichoke supplements?
No specific timing is recommended for artichoke supplements. They can be taken with or without food, depending on personal preference and tolerance. Consistency in timing may help maintain stable blood levels.
What results can I expect from taking artichoke supplements?
Benefits may vary based on individual health status and specific supplement formulation. Some people may experience improvements in liver function, blood pressure, or cholesterol levels. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized expectations.
Can artichoke supplements replace medical treatment?
Artichoke supplements are not a substitute for medical treatment. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications. They should be used as a complement to, not a replacement for, conventional medical care.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35949559/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of artichoke on liver enzymes. The study found significant reductions in ALT and AST, particularly in shorter trials and with higher doses, suggesting a potential benefit for liver health.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33465383/ – This meta-analysis on blood pressure effects indicated that artichoke supplementation may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The findings suggest that artichoke could be a useful adjunct therapy for managing hypertension.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/397 – This systematic review on lipid-lowering effects found that artichoke extracts significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. The study supports the use of artichoke as a natural approach to improving lipid profiles and reducing cardiovascular risk.
- https://academy.miloa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/A.-Sahebkar-A.-F.-Cicero-al-2017-3.pdf – This paper reviews the effects of nutraceuticals on blood pressure. It suggests that artichoke extract may have a role in reducing blood pressure, particularly in individuals with hypertension, contributing to cardiovascular health.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.7247 – This study investigates the lipid-lowering effects of artichoke leaf extract. The results indicate that artichoke extract can significantly reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, supporting its use in managing hyperlipidemia.
